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🎙 播客No Priors· 2026 年 6 月 4 日· 7,347 词 · 约 37 分钟

The Rise of the Full-Stack Builder and Hyper-Leveraged Generalist with Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella

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Speaker 100:00 - 00:16
The world is gonna be very skeptical of tech and tech companies that say, trust us. We've got it. The future is gonna be glorious. You kinda have to deliver tangible benefits because it's too important this time around. It's too much of the economy for it not to be the case.
Speaker 100:00 - 00:16
这个世界会对那些说“相信我们,我们搞得定,未来会无比辉煌”的 tech 和 tech companies 非常怀疑。这一次,你多少必须拿出切实可见的收益,因为这件事太重要了。它在整个经济中的占比太大了,不可能不是这样。
Speaker 100:16 - 00:30
True ambition is about making the impossible possible. I take great inspiration from sort of the people who were managing the Azure network. We built in the last fifteen months more Azure capacity than we built in the first fifteen years. I mean, it's crazy. Wild.
Speaker 100:16 - 00:30
真正的雄心,在于把不可能变成可能。我从那些负责管理 Azure network 的人身上获得了极大的启发。我们在过去十五个月里建设的 Azure capacity,比前十五年建设的还要多。我的意思是,这太疯狂了。太夸张了。
Speaker 100:30 - 00:57
Our job is not to do Azure networking. Our job is to build the agentic system that does Azure networking. Right? The way to get to information, way to educate yourself, way to continuously keep yourself updated has changed so much. Maybe the next big start up could be someone who builds a new university, a new pedagogy even of how to get someone to go through a curriculum and find economic opportunity that's highly valuable.
Speaker 100:30 - 00:57
我们的工作不是去做 Azure networking。我们的工作是去构建那个负责做 Azure networking 的 agentic system(代理式系统)。对吧?人们获取信息的方式、教育自己的方式、以及持续让自己保持更新的方式,都已经发生了巨大变化。也许下一个重大的 start up,会是某个打造一所新大学、甚至一种新 pedagogy(教学法)的人,去帮助人们完成一套 curriculum(课程体系),并找到极具价值的经济机会。
Speaker 201:11 - 01:21
Please welcome Swix Saragawa, Allod Gil, and Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Microsoft, Satya Nadella.
Speaker 201:11 - 01:21
请欢迎 Swix Saragawa、Allod Gil,以及 Microsoft 董事长兼首席执行官 Satya Nadella。
Speaker 301:29 - 01:31
Hello, Saad.
Speaker 301:29 - 01:31
你好,Saad。
Speaker 201:31 - 01:40
I'm so excited to be here. Welcome to a crossover episode of No Priors in Lane Space with Satya Nadella. Congratulations on an amazing build.
Speaker 201:31 - 01:40
我非常兴奋能来到这里。欢迎来到 No Priors in Lane Space 与 Satya Nadella 的一期 crossover episode(联动节目)。恭喜你们做出了如此精彩的成果。
Speaker 101:40 - 01:48
No. Thank you so much, and it's great to be with both of you. I listen to both of you or both the podcast all the time. It's great to be on it.
Speaker 101:40 - 01:48
不,真的非常感谢,很高兴能和你们二位在一起。我一直都在听你们两位——或者说这两个 podcast。很高兴能上节目。
Speaker 301:48 - 01:48
Thank you so much.
Speaker 301:48 - 01:48
非常感谢。
Speaker 201:48 - 01:59
So you're just talking about these amazing announcements from across the Microsoft estate all morning for, I think, three hours. What is the What's the most important reflection or takeaway you have?
Speaker 201:48 - 01:59
所以,今天一整个上午你刚刚都在谈 Microsoft 整个版图中的这些重大发布,我想大概谈了三个小时。你现在最重要的感想或收获是什么?
Speaker 101:59 - 02:58
I'd say there are Perhaps the biggest one for me is let's sort of conceptualize this more as an ecosystem play as opposed to a single model or even a single platform, right? I mean, at least for me, having grown up at Microsoft, having seen whatever four major platform shifts, I sort of fall into that camp where a platform is defined by fundamentally its ability to create more value about the platform versus what's captured in the platform. And so if you view what's happening right now, I think this morning's keynote was how can any company, whether it's an AI native company or a traditional enterprise company, participate as a first class participant where they can point to AI they create, right? It's not that they don't use other people's AI. Of course, they will.
Speaker 101:59 - 02:58
我想说有好几个点。也许对我来说最大的一个是:我们不如把这件事更多地概念化为一种 ecosystem(生态系统)打法,而不是单一模型、甚至单一平台,对吧?我的意思是,至少对我而言,我在 Microsoft 成长起来,也见过大概四次重大的平台迁移,我会比较认同这样一种观点:平台从根本上是由它创造的平台之外的价值,相对于它在平台之内捕获的价值的能力来定义的。所以如果你看现在正在发生的事情,我觉得今天早上的 keynote(主题演讲)其实是在讲:任何一家公司,不管是 AI native(AI 原生)公司还是传统 enterprise(企业)公司,如何都能以一等参与者的身份加入进来,能够指向自己创造的 AI,对吧?这并不是说他们不会使用别人的 AI。当然他们会。
Speaker 102:59 - 03:05
But to me, what's the path? What's the recipe? How do I do it? What does the stack look like? What does the tooling look like?
Speaker 102:59 - 03:05
但对我来说,问题在于路径是什么?配方是什么?我要怎么做?这个 stack(技术栈)看起来是什么样?tooling(工具链)又是什么样?
Speaker 103:05 - 03:10
What is valuable? How do you do that? That's it. That's sort of our job to do.
Speaker 103:05 - 03:10
什么是有价值的?这件事该怎么做?就是这些。这某种程度上就是我们要做的工作。
Speaker 203:11 - 03:27
Yeah. Ecosystem strategy is very complicated, right? Because you end up building certain components, partnering for certain components, supporting them. You just announced this big suite of models. Like, tell us a little bit about the training strategy for Microsoft.
Speaker 203:11 - 03:27
对。生态系统战略非常复杂,对吧?因为你最后会自己构建某些组件,为另一些组件建立合作关系,并支持它们。你们刚刚发布了这一大套模型。跟我们讲讲 Microsoft 的训练策略吧。
Speaker 203:27 - 03:27
Yeah.
Speaker 203:27 - 03:27
对。
Speaker 103:27 - 04:18
So so the thing that we wanted to do with the MAI models was to build, and as Mustafa talked about, first of all, a great lineage, right? Starting with pre training, with very good data quality, doing all the abolations, making sure. Because in some sense, it's becoming even harder to build a clean lineage model just because there's so much stuff out there that you truly need to ablate out to be able to have a fantastic pre trained model. In fact, that's one of the challenges of a lot of the open weight models is they look great on one benchmark or two, but they're not great on practice. So that's why, in fact, even in our FDEs are pretty gone really excited about these MAI models because how the heck can a small 5B model hill climb?
Speaker 103:27 - 04:18
所以,我们想通过 MAI models 做的事情,是先构建——就像 Mustafa 说的——首先是一条非常好的 lineage(谱系),对吧?从 pre-training(预训练)开始,使用非常高质量的数据,做完所有的 ablations(消融实验),确保各方面都没问题。因为从某种意义上说,现在要构建一个谱系干净的模型反而更难了,仅仅是因为外面的内容太多了,你真的需要把很多东西通过消融排除掉,才能得到一个非常出色的 pre-trained(预训练)模型。事实上,这也是很多 open weight models(开放权重模型)的一个挑战:它们在一两个 benchmark(基准测试)上看起来很棒,但在实际使用中并没有那么好。所以这也是为什么,实际上即使在我们的 FDEs 里,大家也真的对这些 MAI models 感到非常兴奋,因为一个小小的 5B 模型到底怎么能 hill climb(爬坡优化)呢?
Speaker 104:19 - 04:52
And it goes back a little bit to what I think is ultimately the key thing to do, which is try to pursue finding that cognitive core. So to me, starting with a clean lineage, then creating that ability for companies to be able to use this, right, not just as a generalist, but to create their own specialist by building this hill climbing scaffold around it. Right? So it's not just the model, but you have a hill climb scaffold around it. Then you will start building your RLE.
Speaker 104:19 - 04:52
这又有点回到我认为最终最关键要做的事情上,也就是尝试去寻找那个 cognitive core(认知核心)。所以对我来说,要先从一个干净的 lineage(谱系)开始,然后建立一种能力,让公司能够使用它,对吧——不只是把它当作一个 generalist(通才模型),而是通过在它周围构建这个 hill climbing scaffold(爬坡脚手架),去创造他们自己的 specialist(专家模型)。对吧?所以不只是模型本身,而是你还要在它周围有一个 hill climb scaffold(爬坡脚手架)。然后你就会开始构建你的 RLE。
Speaker 104:52 - 05:20
You will start collecting the traces. Most importantly, you'll have private evals because we know all the evals out there are good, interesting, but they're not really that critical at this point because they all can be maxed. And so the point is each company will have its own private eval. And so that end to end platform story around our models is sort of what I think is interesting. And then the one other thing, Sara, since you brought that up, is I do feel there's a new frontier.
Speaker 104:52 - 05:20
你会开始收集 traces(轨迹数据)。最重要的是,你会有 private evals(私有评测),因为我们知道外面所有那些 evals(评测)都不错、也很有意思,但在这个阶段它们其实没有那么关键,因为它们都可以被刷满。所以关键在于,每家公司都会有自己的 private eval(私有评测)。因此,围绕我们的模型展开的这种端到端平台叙事,就是我认为有意思的地方。还有一点,Sara,既然你提到了,我确实觉得这里有一个新的 frontier(前沿)。
Speaker 105:20 - 05:47
Like, people talk about the frontier and are you operating at the frontier? Interestingly enough, if you add a little temporality to it, you can use, let's say, in fact, the Land O'Lakes demo we showed was pretty cool. We used whatever, GPT-five point five, right? Then you collected a bunch of traces, and then you took a 5B reasoning model and achieved higher. So that is another aspect of what it means to appear I mean, operate at the frontier.
Speaker 105:20 - 05:47
比如,人们总是在谈 frontier(前沿),谈你是否在前沿上运作。有意思的是,如果你给它加入一点 temporality(时间性),你就可以用——比如说,实际上我们展示的那个 Land O'Lakes demo(演示)就很酷。我们用了 GPT-five point five,对吧?然后你收集了一堆 traces(轨迹数据),再拿一个 5B 的 reasoning model(推理模型),结果反而做得更好。所以这也是“看起来像是——我的意思是——在前沿上运作”所包含的另一个方面。
Speaker 305:48 - 06:03
Yeah. I I think I first of all, have to congratulate you on basically building a frontier neural lab inside of Microsoft in two years. I'm wondering, you know, you have all this AI strategy that you're rolling out. I'm wondering, what do you know now that you wish you would tell yourself two years ago? Wait.
Speaker 305:48 - 06:03
是的。我首先得祝贺你:你基本上在两年内就在 Microsoft 内部建起了一个前沿 neural lab(神经网络实验室)。我想问的是,你现在正在推出整套 AI strategy(AI 战略),那么你现在知道了哪些事情,是你希望自己两年前就能知道、并告诉当时的自己的?等等。
Speaker 306:03 - 06:07
Two or three years ago. Three years for the Jensen partnership, two years for MAI.
Speaker 306:03 - 06:07
两三年前吧。Jensen partnership(与 Jensen 的合作)是三年前,MAI 是两年前。
Speaker 106:07 - 06:38
Yeah. I mean, I think the the thing when that I reflect quite a bit, right, which is sort of obviously, I got into all this when I got excited by the the skating loss paper and, you know, when, you know, even the OpenAI partnership came about when those folks said, hey. We're gonna really throw a lot of computer transformers, and they've helped. The thing that I always go back and say, wow, these things do have capability that they're climbing up. I mean, you know, this crude way of saying it is intelligence is log of compute kind of works.
Speaker 106:07 - 06:38
是的。我的意思是,我经常会反思的一点是,对吧,显然,我最初是因为 skating loss paper 而对这一切感到兴奋的;还有,你知道,当初 OpenAI partnership 达成时,那些人说,嘿,我们会真的投入大量 compute 到 transformers(Transformer)上,而事实证明这确实有帮助。我总会回过头来说,哇,这些东西的 capability(能力)确实是在不断攀升。我的意思是,用一种很粗糙的说法来讲,“intelligence is log of compute” 这件事某种程度上是成立的。
Speaker 106:38 - 07:07
Now, what I think we underestimated perhaps is the real world complexity of deploying these so that they actually deliver the value in the real world. Right? So the outcomes as measured by any benchmark is interesting, important. But the true eval is when people out there are able to do unique things that they only can value. And it's very measurable.
Speaker 106:38 - 07:07
但现在,我认为我们也许低估了的是:要把这些东西真正部署到现实世界中、让它们切实交付现实价值,其真实世界的复杂性。对吧?所以,任何 benchmark(基准测试)衡量出来的结果都很有意思,也很重要。但真正的 eval(评估)是:外面的人是否能够用它做出那些只有他们自己才真正看重的独特事情。而且这是可以非常明确衡量的。
Speaker 107:08 - 07:33
Right. That I wish we had sort of even had more in our consciousness, right, which is as an industry. Because right now, I think when people say, wow, I don't want a token max, it's an artifact of us not having thought ourselves as an industry that we are using tokens to create value every step of the way. So I think that's kind of what I wish we had gotten there, but I'm glad we are here.
Speaker 107:08 - 07:33
对。这件事我希望我们当时在意识里能更早、更强地建立起来,对吧——也就是作为一个 industry(行业)整体。因为现在,我觉得当人们说,哇,我不想要 token max 时,这其实是一个 artifact(产物):说明我们整个行业没有真正把“我们是在用 token(词元)一步一步创造价值”这件事想透。所以我想,这大概就是我希望我们当时能更早到达的地方;不过我也很高兴我们现在已经走到这里了。
Speaker 407:33 - 07:46
What are some of the use cases that you've seen that have created the most value for your customers? Because I know that people talk a lot about code, and I think it's pretty clear that that's something that's having very large scale impact. Are there other areas that you find in common that your customers are really benefiting?
Speaker 407:33 - 07:46
你看到哪些 use case(使用场景)为你的客户创造了最多价值?因为我知道,人们谈 code(代码)谈得很多,而且我觉得很明显,这已经在产生非常大规模的影响了。除此之外,还有没有一些你发现很常见、并且客户确实从中受益很多的领域?
Speaker 107:46 - 08:01
Yeah. I think yeah. To your point, obviously, coding is now got But it's interesting, by the way, Ladish, to even talk about the coding, right? Which is coding has worked so well that we now have to rebuild the IDE, right? I mean, it's kind of nuts to see what we launched.
Speaker 107:46 - 08:01
是的。我觉得,是的,正如你所说,显然,coding(编程)现在已经——不过顺便说一句,Ladish,就连谈 coding 这件事本身也很有意思,对吧?因为 coding 的效果好到一个程度:我们现在不得不重建 IDE(集成开发环境)了,对吧?我的意思是,看到我们推出的这些东西,真的有点疯狂。
Speaker 108:01 - 08:24
It's like, oh my god, I have these 100 agent sessions. Cognitive load, it transfers back to me as a human is so excessive that now I need a new UI. Oh, by the way, the chat as the only artifact is also impossible. So, that's why we need a canvas. So, it's kind of interesting for all the things about where is software needed or where is UI needed.
Speaker 108:01 - 08:24
感觉就像,哦,天哪,我这里有 100 个 agent(智能体)session(会话)。它带回到我这个人类身上的 cognitive load(认知负荷)实在太大了,所以现在我需要一种新的 UI(用户界面)。哦,顺便说一句,如果 chat(聊天)是唯一的 artifact(交互产物),那也同样行不通。所以,这就是为什么我们需要一个 canvas(画布式界面)。所以,围绕“软件到底还需要在哪里”“UI 到底还需要在哪里”这些问题,这一切其实都挺有意思的。
Speaker 108:25 - 09:19
You kind of need that even for code, right, in a fully agentic world. But that said, one of the things that we are starting to see, we start seeing that co work, but even some of the work we showed with Autopilot, right on what you see with Claws, is a good one. Because if you sort of think about a lot of human capital is doing the glue work, right, if you now can augment that with tokensagents that are long running, durable, right, then your ability to scale, even what is still judgment and glue work, gets amplified like coding does. So you can I'm positive that six months from now, we'll all be saying, oh, wow. Like all through the night, there was a bunch of stuff that all these autopilots that I have working on my behalf with my delegated authority, so to speak.
Speaker 108:25 - 09:19
即使对代码来说,在一个完全 agentic 的世界里,你某种程度上也需要这一点,对吧。但话虽如此,我们开始看到的一件事是,我们开始看到这种协同工作;甚至我们用 Autopilot 展示的一些成果,对吧,你在 Claws 上看到的就是一个很好的例子。因为如果你仔细想想,大量的人力资本其实都在做那种胶水式工作(glue work),对吧;如果你现在能用长期运行、持久存在的 token agent 来增强这些工作,那么即便这些工作本质上仍然是判断性工作和胶水式工作,你扩展它们的能力也会像写代码那样被放大。所以我很肯定,六个月后,我们都会说,哦,哇。就像一整夜里,有一大堆事情,都是这些我让它们代表我工作、拥有我所委派权限的 autopilot 在替我完成。
Speaker 109:19 - 09:30
Right? I can sort of, given even my identity, did a bunch of work. Then, of course, I'll need my new ADE to say, what did you do? Like, did I do this work? And so on.
Speaker 109:19 - 09:30
对吧?我某种程度上甚至可以基于我的身份,让它做完一大堆工作。然后,当然,我会需要我的新 ADE 来说一句:你都做了什么?比如,这项工作是我做的吗?诸如此类。
Speaker 109:30 - 09:38
So I think that that's where compressing of workflows, completing of tasks, that's where I think a lot of the value gets created.
Speaker 109:30 - 09:38
所以我认为,工作流的压缩、任务的完成,很多价值就是在这里被创造出来的。
Speaker 409:38 - 09:56
I think you raised a really interesting point, which is there's the actual agent that's doing the code, then there's a harness around it. And that's the environment, that's the context, that's everything you're setting up as a developer around actually a coding agent. What is the harness for the enterprise? Is there an equivalent concept for broader productivity work, or how do you think about that concept sort of generalized?
Speaker 409:38 - 09:56
我觉得你提了一个非常有意思的点:一方面有实际在写代码的 agent,另一方面还有包裹在它周围的 harness。那就是环境、上下文,以及作为开发者你围绕 coding agent 所搭建的一切。那企业里的 harness 是什么?对于更广义的生产力工作,是否有一个对应的概念?或者你会如何理解这个被泛化后的概念?
Speaker 109:56 - 10:36
That's right. So, in some sense, you kind of want the harness to define the models, data, and the tools, and so that you have a loop across those three. And so, what we are trying to, first of all, make sure is each of our products that we build, right, whether it's GitHub Copilot or the security copilot, the stuff we showed with Emdash, or even the discovery for science, it doesn't matter. All of them are multimodal harnesses with tools access so that you can do this progressive disclosure of tools even so that they're token efficient. And then you're feeding it with very rich context.
Speaker 109:56 - 10:36
没错。所以从某种意义上说,你会希望 harness 去定义 model、data 和 tool,这样你就能在这三者之间形成一个 loop。所以,我们首先要确保的是:我们构建的每一个产品,对吧,无论是 GitHub Copilot、security copilot、我们用 Emdash 展示的东西,还是 scientific discovery,都无所谓。它们全部都是带有 tool access 的 multimodal harness,这样你就可以对 tool 做渐进式披露(progressive disclosure),从而让它们在 token 使用上更高效。然后你再给它输入非常丰富的 context。
Speaker 110:36 - 11:14
Because that's sort of the other hard lesson we have learned in the last two years is, oh my God, the amount of work you need to do to prep the context layer such that your plan can execute in the most efficient way is where the magic is. So we have, in our case, we have the GitHub harness, which essentially we're using across all our products. It's available in Foundry. And we're open, like you can use your Lama harness, whatever, or you can use any open harness or any harness of yours and train with your tools and multiple models and your context. And so that's the pitch.
Speaker 110:36 - 11:14
因为这也是我们过去两年学到的另一个艰难教训:天啊,你需要做的大量工作,其实是去准备 context layer,好让你的 plan 能以最高效率执行,而魔力恰恰就在这里。所以在我们这边,我们有 GitHub harness,本质上我们在所有产品里都在用它。它在 Foundry 里可用。而且我们是开放的——你可以用你的 Lama harness,或者别的什么;你也可以使用任何 open harness,或者你自己的任何 harness,再结合你的 tools、多个 models 和你的 context 来训练。所以这就是我们的主张。
Speaker 111:14 - 11:47
Because right now, a lot of dialogue is, hey, if I train the harness plus tools and the model together, you get evals. And what we are proving out is, and the best example of that, is what we did with Emdash, right? Because when it launched, it found bugs or vulnerabilities that were not found by mythos. And so there is existence proof, I would claim, that you can have a multimodal harness that can, in fact, be more performant in the real world.
Speaker 111:14 - 11:47
因为现在很多讨论都在说,嘿,如果我把 harness、tools 和 model 一起训练,你就会得到 evals。而我们正在证明的是——其中最好的例子,就是我们用 Emdash 做的事,对吧?因为它发布时,发现了一些 mythos 没找到的 bug 或 vulnerability。所以我会说,这已经构成了存在性证明:你完全可以拥有一个 multimodal harness,而且它在现实世界里实际上可以有更强的性能表现。
Speaker 211:48 - 12:23
So premise behind the training at the independent Frontier Labs is really, you know, we're gonna have these models, We'll have an API business and we'll support enterprises and startups, but a first party product, be it productivity or code or search drives the majority of revenue. That's a different value equation than you're describing, I think, with the Microsoft ecosystem. If if that's the case, tell me if it's the case, because obviously you have first party products and you have enablement products. What is the role of the develop like, what's gonna be hard and the set of skills and the value capture the developer has in that world?
Speaker 211:48 - 12:23
所以,独立 Frontier Labs 背后的训练前提其实是:你知道,我们会拥有这些 models,我们会有一个 API 业务,也会支持 enterprise 和 startup,但真正驱动大部分收入的是 first-party product,不管是 productivity、code 还是 search。我觉得这和你刚才描述的 Microsoft ecosystem 是一种不同的价值方程。如果情况确实如此——如果确实如此的话,你告诉我,因为显然你们既有 first-party product,也有 enablement product——那么在那样一个世界里,developer 的角色是什么?比如说,什么会变难?developer 需要具备怎样的一组技能?以及 developer 会如何捕获价值?
Speaker 112:23 - 12:49
Yeah. So I think that there's always gonna be the case that someone who is super successful as a platform builder can also have first party products. It was true with Windows. It was true with the SaaS side and the cloud side as well with us and others and so on. But the thing that is, is it should not be a limiter to other people achieving that same success, Right?
Speaker 112:23 - 12:49
对。所以我认为,一直都会存在这样一种情况:某个作为 platform builder(平台构建者)而极其成功的人,也同时会拥有 first party products(第一方产品)。Windows 时代是这样;在 SaaS 和 cloud(云)这两边,我们和其他公司也都是这样,等等。但关键在于,这不应该成为其他人也取得同样成功的限制,对吧?
Speaker 112:49 - 13:18
That, I think, is the core difference, which is the network effects this time around, around intelligence are such because they learn from data and not really lots of data. It's just a few samples that you have to see to understand what's novel about something. So that's why the game becomes how to protect. So that's why I would say every company having private evals may be the biggest IP. Right?
Speaker 112:49 - 13:18
我认为,这才是核心差异。这一次,围绕 intelligence(智能)的 network effects(网络效应)之所以如此强,是因为它们从 data(数据)中学习,而且其实不需要海量数据。你只需要看到少数几个 sample(样本),就能理解某件事的新意在哪里。所以,博弈就变成了如何保护这些东西。这也是为什么我会说,每家公司拥有 private evals(私有评测)也许会成为最大的 IP(知识产权),对吧?
Speaker 113:18 - 13:42
I think about it. Like, what's that private eval that you can then use, even a frontier model, hill climb on and not leak the traces, maybe one of the biggest drivers of IP? Like so in other words, another asset test is you have an eval that's private. You're using model A. Can you switch it to model B and, know, climb up?
Speaker 113:18 - 13:42
我会这样想:那个 private eval(私有评测)到底是什么?你可以拿它来让哪怕是 frontier model(前沿模型)不断 hill climb(爬坡优化),同时又不泄露 traces(轨迹/痕迹);这也许会成为 IP(知识产权)的最大驱动力之一。换句话说,另一个资产测试是:你有一个私有的 eval,用的是 model A。那你能不能切换到 model B,然后继续往上爬、持续优化?
Speaker 113:42 - 14:07
If you can, then you're in control. If you can't, you're not in control. And that's where even the harness decision becomes super important. Right? So therefore, having an open harness, letting all models come in, having your evals, your context, your tools help you hill climb, I think, is the skills that an AI native startup needs, a SaaS company needs, or every enterprise needs.
Speaker 113:42 - 14:07
如果你能,那你就在掌控之中;如果你不能,那你就不在掌控之中。而这也正是为什么,连 harness(调度/编排框架)的选择都会变得超级重要,对吧?所以,拥有一个开放的 harness,让所有 model(模型)都能接入,再加上你的 evals、你的 context(上下文)、你的 tools(工具)来帮助你持续 hill climb(爬坡优化),我认为这就是 AI native startup(AI 原生创业公司)、SaaS 公司,或者其实每一家 enterprise(企业)都需要具备的能力。
Speaker 314:07 - 14:32
Yeah. I think in a very real way, you are Microsoft historically, as an operating systems company and then become a cloud company, maybe, like, the third act is that you're a harness or eval's company, whatever whatever the the sort of conglomerate of concepts that you wanna put together. And I think, like, enabling every company to have, like, frontier intelligence or what what I forget the the exact term that you use is the is the mission. Right?
Speaker 314:07 - 14:32
对。我觉得从一个非常真实的意义上说,你们某种程度上就是历史上的 Microsoft:先是一家 operating systems(操作系统)公司,然后变成一家 cloud(云)公司;也许第三幕就是,你们会成为一家 harness 或 evals 公司,不管你想把这组概念组合成什么名称。并且我觉得,赋能每一家公司拥有 frontier intelligence(前沿智能)——或者你当时用的那个准确说法我有点忘了——这就是使命,对吧?
Speaker 114:32 - 14:33
That's it.
Speaker 114:32 - 14:33
没错。
Speaker 314:33 - 14:39
That is that is the platform promise that you build with us. You will get your intelligence for your data.
Speaker 314:33 - 14:39
这就是那个 platform(平台)的承诺:和我们一起构建,你就能为你的 data(数据)获得属于你的 intelligence(智能)。
Speaker 114:39 - 15:10
That's right. That to to me, that is the like, if there was one tagline for this entire developer conference is, can everybody operate at the frontier with their frontier intelligence? Right? To me, that is so important because otherwise, I don't know how you achieve stable equilibrium, right? Which is how do I then go and say, well, my company is going to have a terminal value because I now know how to continuously compound on top of what's a platform that gets better.
Speaker 114:39 - 15:10
对。对我来说,如果要为这整场 developer conference(开发者大会)提炼一句 tagline(宣传语),那就是:每个人都能否以自己的 frontier intelligence(前沿智能)在 frontier(前沿)上运作?对我而言,这一点太重要了,因为否则,我不知道你要如何实现 stable equilibrium(稳定均衡),对吧?也就是说,我要怎么才能进一步说,我的公司将会拥有 terminal value(终局价值),因为我现在已经知道,如何持续地在一个会不断变好的 platform(平台)之上进行 compound(复利式积累)。
Speaker 115:10 - 15:27
Right? So when, like, Windows obviously came out, Adobe built, Autodesk built, or even, like, take what Jensen said. We built DX and he built, you know, CUDA on top of it. Right? I mean, I always say to Jensen, god, I got the shorn head of that.
Speaker 115:10 - 15:27
对吧?所以当 Windows 显然推出之后,Adobe 做了,Autodesk 做了,或者甚至就拿 Jensen 说的话来讲。我们构建了 DX,而他在其之上构建了,你知道的,CUDA。对吧?我的意思是,我总会对 Jensen 说,天哪,这件事的功劳算是让他占尽了。
Speaker 115:27 - 15:43
Right? I wish we had recognized it. But, nevertheless, but that idea that you can build a platform layer that someone else can then extend out and build their own intelligence layer in this case, I think, is everything. Right? Without it, why have a developer conference?
Speaker 115:27 - 15:43
对吧?我真希望我们当时认出来这一点。但尽管如此,这样一种想法——你可以构建一个 platform layer(平台层),然后别人就能在其上进一步扩展,并在这个案例里构建他们自己的 intelligence layer(智能层)——我认为,这就是一切。对吧?没有这个,为什么还要办 developer conference(开发者大会)呢?
Speaker 115:43 - 15:50
I can just come and have you all sort of just worship at the altar of one model. Yeah. But that's not a developer conference.
Speaker 115:43 - 15:50
我完全可以来这里,让你们大家某种程度上都去膜拜某一个 model(模型)的神坛。是啊。但那就不是 developer conference(开发者大会)了。
Speaker 315:50 - 16:07
Backstage, we you had a discussion about what is IP or what is the the value in a company. It used to be the length of human experience at a company, and now it's this other thing, which is the evals, the experience in sort of applying agents to the company. He I just want you to, like, flesh it out a bit, Marcus.
Speaker 315:50 - 16:07
在后台,我们——你当时有一段讨论,是关于什么是 IP,或者说一家公司的价值到底是什么。过去,这取决于人在公司里积累的人类经验长度;而现在,它变成了另一种东西,也就是 evals,以及某种把 agents(智能体)应用到公司中的经验。他——我只是想请你把这个再展开讲一点,Marcus。
Speaker 116:07 - 16:25
Yeah. It's a great way to frame it. Right? Because, yep, at the end of the day, every company is gonna have both the human capital that is still gonna be super valuable because humans and their ability to find the gaps that exist at all times is going to be the way we all will create value. Right.
Speaker 116:07 - 16:25
对,这是一个很好的 framing(框架方式)。对吧?因为,没错,说到底,每家公司都会同时拥有两者:human capital(人力资本)依然会非常有价值,因为人类,以及人类发现始终存在的那些 gap(缺口)的能力,将会是我们所有人创造价值的方式。对。
Speaker 116:25 - 16:57
I mean, so I'm definitely in the camp that this is going to be about expressing new forms of human agency and ambition, even as token capital goes up. Right. So let's say any corporation has lots of tokens and a lot of human capital. The question is, how do you compound the two? So if you have a like, if you take in teams, I have a bunch of agents doing work and a bunch of humans doing work and the traces between those, that is really important context of how that enterprise is creating value.
Speaker 116:25 - 16:57
我的意思是,所以我显然属于这样一派:即便 token capital(token 资本)不断上升,这件事的核心仍将是表达新形式的人类 agency(能动性)和 ambition(抱负)。对吧。所以假设任何一家 corporation(公司)都有很多 tokens 和很多 human capital(人力资本)。问题在于,你如何让这两者复利式地结合?所以如果你——比如在团队里,我有一批 agents(智能体)在工作,也有一批 humans(人类)在工作,而它们之间的 traces(轨迹/痕迹),就是关于这个企业如何创造价值的极其重要的上下文。
Speaker 116:58 - 17:28
Then that goes back to train not a generalist model, but to taint train the company veteran agent. Right? That is super valuable again, which is when a company goes and says, it should in fact go on to the balance sheet is how I think about it. Right? That's fact, they may be like, human capital was never possible to go put on a balance sheet because you didn't know how to capture the tacit knowledge, whereas now I think you can with the agents that have learned through the through time, through all the traces.
Speaker 116:58 - 17:28
然后这又回到了:去训练的不是一个 generalist model(通才模型),而是去训练那个 company veteran agent(公司老兵智能体)。对吧?这就再次变得极其有价值了。也就是当一家公司说,我的看法是,它事实上应该被计入 balance sheet(资产负债表)。对吧?实际上,过去 human capital(人力资本)从来没法放到资产负债表上,因为你不知道该如何捕捉 tacit knowledge(隐性知识);而现在我认为,借助那些随着时间、通过所有这些 traces(轨迹/痕迹)学习而成的 agents(智能体),你可以做到这一点。
Speaker 117:29 - 17:31
So that's what at least we think will happen.
Speaker 117:29 - 17:31
所以至少我们认为,接下来会发生的就是这个。
Speaker 317:31 - 17:36
I think the SEC is gonna have to have accounting standards for token expertise.
Speaker 317:31 - 17:36
我认为 SEC 可能不得不为 token 专业能力制定会计标准。
Speaker 217:37 - 18:07
You're talking about the equilibrium state and a stable equilibrium where companies have this compounding value and can see terminal value for themselves. Another challenge to, you know, the considered equilibrium of, okay, there are applications and workflows that are sort of common to a vertical or a horizontal. And this was like the generation of SaaS companies. And, you know, Microsoft has lots of SaaS properties as well. Then And there are things that are very specific to every enterprise that they're differentiated against.
Speaker 217:37 - 18:07
你说的是均衡状态,以及一种稳定均衡:公司拥有这种复利式累积的价值,并且能够为自己看到 terminal value(终局价值)。对这种所谓均衡的另一项挑战是:好吧,有一些 application 和 workflow(工作流)在某种 vertical(垂直领域)或 horizontal(横向职能)里是相对通用的。而这就像 SaaS 公司那一代的起点。你知道,Microsoft 也有很多 SaaS 资产。然后,还有一些东西对每家 enterprise(企业)来说都非常具体,并且正是它们形成差异化竞争的基础。
Speaker 218:08 - 18:23
I'm sure you have heard much and participated in much of the debate about the end of software because all these workflows are cheap to generate now. Do you think the equilibrium looks different between what agents get built in enterprises versus in their vendors in the future?
Speaker 218:08 - 18:23
我相信你已经听过很多、也参与过很多关于“software 终结”的讨论,因为现在这些 workflow 的生成成本都很低。你觉得未来的均衡形态会不会不同——也就是 enterprise 内部构建的 agent,和它们的 vendor(供应商)所构建的 agent 之间,会不会出现不同的分工格局?
Speaker 118:23 - 18:42
Yeah. So I think what's happening there is, see, we we had a particular way we captured, I would say, workflow in apps, right? Because we built a data model, right? We schematized some part of some business process. We then built a bunch of business logic.
Speaker 118:23 - 18:42
是的。所以我认为这里正在发生的事情是,你看,我们过去有一种特定的方式来在 app 里承载、或者说固化 workflow,对吧?因为我们先构建了一个 data model(数据模型),对吧?我们把某个 business process(业务流程)的一部分做了 schema 化(模式化)。然后我们又构建了一整套 business logic(业务逻辑)。
Speaker 118:42 - 18:47
Yep. And then we put a bunch of UI on top of it. So that's kind of what every SaaS company-
Speaker 118:42 - 18:47
对。然后我们再在上面放上一大层 UI(用户界面)。所以这基本上就是每一家 SaaS 公司——
Speaker 218:47 - 18:48
And a little configuration.
Speaker 218:47 - 18:48
再加上一点 configuration(配置)。
Speaker 318:48 - 18:49
For like twenty years, that
Speaker 318:48 - 18:49
差不多二十年来,都是这样,
Speaker 118:49 - 19:06
was- Right. And that was it. So interestingly enough, now you kind of get to relitigate that vertical stacking, right? So I still think, for example, that data model that you build underneath every SaaS application is super good, right? Like, why reinvent it?
Speaker 118:49 - 19:06
没错。一直就是这样。所以很有意思的是,现在你某种程度上可以重新审视、重新辩论这种 vertical stacking(垂直堆叠)了,对吧?不过我仍然认为,比如说,每个 SaaS application 底下构建的那个 data model 依然非常有价值,对吧?比如,为什么要重复造轮子呢?
Speaker 119:06 - 19:18
Like, general ledger better be a general ledger. I don't need new schema creation. In fact, that entity relationship is actually pretty good, robust thing that I want to feed.
Speaker 119:06 - 19:18
比如,总账就应该是总账。我不需要去创建新的 schema(模式)。事实上,那种 entity relationship(实体关系)其实已经是一个相当不错、很健壮、我想要拿来喂给系统的东西。
Speaker 219:18 - 19:19
And you want it to be stable.
Speaker 219:18 - 19:19
而且你会希望它是稳定的。
Speaker 119:19 - 19:26
That's right. Yeah. Then same thing with business logic. Right? If if you look at we have this product called Power BI.
Speaker 119:19 - 19:26
没错。对。business logic(业务逻辑)也是一样,对吧?如果你看看,我们有一个叫 Power BI 的产品。
Speaker 119:26 - 19:42
Right? It is like dashboards galore people created. The beauty underneath that dashboard is a very rich semantic model, right? Someone took the pain to create a dashboard and do all the measures. And you want that?
Speaker 119:26 - 19:42
对吧?它就像是到处都是人们做出来的 dashboard(仪表板)。而这个 dashboard 底层真正美妙的地方,是一个非常丰富的 semantic model(语义模型),对吧?有人费了很大功夫去创建 dashboard,并把所有 measures(度量指标)都做好了。你当然会想要那个,对吧?
Speaker 119:42 - 20:04
That's business logic, right? I want that to be available to me. So I think the challenge of the SaaS business model is we packaged one way. We now have to learn how to unbundle these things and rebundle in new ways and discover new business models, right? I mean, if you look at it, what's happening today with Microsoft March is a great example.
Speaker 119:42 - 20:04
那就是 business logic(业务逻辑),对吧?我希望它能够为我所用。所以我认为,SaaS 商业模式的挑战在于,我们过去是用一种方式把它打包起来的。现在我们得学会如何把这些东西拆开,再用新的方式重新打包,并发现新的商业模式,对吧?我的意思是,如果你看一看,今天 Microsoft March 正在发生的事情就是一个很好的例子。
Speaker 120:04 - 20:20
Right? We have this thing called WorkIQ. In fact, what we are realizing is, oh my god, like, if you look at it, in fact, there's a historical parallel to it, right? We sold first Exchange and SharePoint. And, you know, before Teams, we had a thing called Link Server and what have you.
Speaker 120:04 - 20:20
对吧?我们有一个叫 WorkIQ 的东西。事实上,我们正在意识到,天哪,如果你仔细看,这其实还有一个历史上的对应案例,对吧?我们最先卖的是 Exchange 和 SharePoint。然后,你知道,在 Teams 之前,我们还有一个叫 Link Server 的东西,诸如此类。
Speaker 120:20 - 20:47
And we thought, oh, that's all gonna move to the cloud. But little did we realize that the number of people who will use servers in the cloud is 10x, 100x, right? Because people were not buying servers, they were just buying a subscription. The same thing is now happening with M365 because with WorkIQ, we have exposed what is perhaps the most important database in a company that never got used as a database because it is only captive to our apps. Right?
Speaker 120:20 - 20:47
我们当时以为,哦,这些都会迁移到云上去。但我们几乎没意识到,会在云里使用 server(服务器)的人数会变成 10 倍、100 倍,对吧?因为人们以前并不是在买 server,他们买的只是 subscription(订阅)。现在 M365 也正在发生同样的事情,因为通过 WorkIQ,我们把一个也许是公司里最重要的 database(数据库)暴露出来了——它以前从来没有被当作 database 来使用,因为它只被我们的 app(应用)封闭式地占用。对吧?
Speaker 120:48 - 21:04
Was all email operated on it. Teams operated on it. Word, Excel, PowerPoint, SharePoint. But now, like, this is one of the coolest things I get to do with WorkIQ. I go to a GitHub repo and I say, hey, I attended a bunch of design meetings last week related to this repo.
Speaker 120:48 - 21:04
所有 email 都跑在它上面。Teams 跑在它上面。Word、Excel、PowerPoint、SharePoint 都跑在它上面。但现在,这就是我用 WorkIQ 能做的最酷的事情之一:我去一个 GitHub repo,然后我说,嘿,我上周参加了一堆和这个 repo 相关的设计会议。
Speaker 121:04 - 21:20
Can you capture all that and tell me what changes I should make? I mean, think about that, right? It literally can go look at all those transcripts, come back with a plan to change your code base. Right? Previously, you could never have thought of using M365 for something like that.
Speaker 121:04 - 21:20
你能把这些都梳理出来,并告诉我我应该做哪些改动吗?我的意思是,你想想看,对吧?它真的可以去查看所有那些 transcript(转录记录),然后带着一个修改你的 code base(代码库)的方案回来。对吧?以前你根本不会想到把 M365 用在这种事情上。
Speaker 121:20 - 21:44
So the value creation opportunity now in the agent world is, in fact, 10x more. But it does require us to have, for example, there's going to be usage around M365, right? Which is going to be perhaps more than even the end users. And we have to even rearchitect. Like, in fact, what I use to serve an inbox or a mailbox cannot be used to serve an agent.
Speaker 121:20 - 21:44
所以,现在在 agent 世界里的价值创造机会,实际上大了 10 倍。但这确实要求我们,比如说,围绕 M365 会出现 usage(使用量)层面的需求,对吧?这类需求甚至可能比终端用户本身还多。而且我们还必须重新做架构。实际上,我用来服务 inbox 或 mailbox 的那套东西,不能拿来服务 agent。
Speaker 121:45 - 21:47
And so that's sort of what we are doing.
Speaker 121:45 - 21:47
所以,这大概就是我们正在做的事。
Speaker 221:47 - 22:00
I don't believe in, like, permanent business models for any of these domains. But in the near term, do you have a prediction between, you know, outcomes based pricing, token based pricing, enterprise bundles?
Speaker 221:47 - 22:00
我不相信这些领域里会存在什么永久不变的商业模式。但从短期来看,对于 outcomes based pricing(按结果定价)、token based pricing(按 token 定价)、enterprise bundles(企业捆绑方案)这些模式,你有没有什么判断?
Speaker 122:00 - 22:06
Yeah. The way I think about this is always we've had like, let's even take the per user price.
Speaker 122:00 - 22:06
对。我的看法一直是这样:我们过去一直都有——比如我们甚至就拿 per user price(按用户定价)来说。
Speaker 222:06 - 22:07
Mhmm.
Speaker 222:06 - 22:07
嗯。
Speaker 122:07 - 22:19
The per user pricing is really an artifact of someone creating a budget needing certainty. Right? Because it's the most important thing. Like, somebody wants a budget. Mhmm.
Speaker 122:07 - 22:19
按用户定价,其实只是这样一种产物:有人在制定预算,而他们需要确定性。对吧?因为这才是最重要的事。比如说,有人就是想要一个预算。嗯。
Speaker 122:19 - 22:34
They need a per user. And and per user is just a set of entitlements to usage. Right? That's kind of what it is. And so the way is is the first bundling will be take some usage, bundle it into per user stacks, and, you know, then sell subscriptions.
Speaker 122:19 - 22:34
他们需要的是一个 per user(按用户)的方式。而 per user 本质上只是一组关于 usage(使用量)的 entitlements(使用权益)。对吧?大概就是这么回事。所以最早的一种 bundling(捆绑)方式,会是拿一部分 usage,把它打包进 per user 组合里,然后再去卖 subscription(订阅)。
Speaker 122:34 - 22:48
So subscriptions, I think, are gonna be there. Per user is gonna be there. Then the next big thing will be consumption. So people will say, I want consumption. And it's also possible that people will say, I don't even want to pay for any of the subscriptions or the consumption's outcome.
Speaker 122:34 - 22:48
所以我认为 subscription(订阅)会一直存在,per user 也会一直存在。接下来下一个大的东西会是 consumption(按量消费)。于是人们会说,我想要按量消费。也有可能人们会说,我甚至不想为任何 subscription 或 consumption 的 outcome(结果)付费。
Speaker 122:48 - 23:02
But remember, most people love outcomes until they have an outcome. Because once you have an outcome, it's like giving away royalty. Right? I mean, I've to customers who love outcome based pricing. I say, I'm all in until they oh my god.
Speaker 122:48 - 23:02
但要记住,大多数人喜欢 outcome(结果)——直到他们真的拥有一个 outcome。因为一旦你有了 outcome,就像是在分出去 royalty(版税)一样。对吧?我的意思是,我遇到过一些客户,他们一开始很喜欢 outcome based pricing(基于结果的定价)。我会说,我完全支持——直到他们突然觉得,哦天哪。
Speaker 123:02 - 23:05
Like, what are you talking about? You're sharing in my outcome? No. No. No.
Speaker 123:02 - 23:05
就像,他们会说:你在说什么?你要分享我的 outcome?不。不。不。
Speaker 123:05 - 23:25
I want you to go back to per user pricing, and I want you to consumption price. Right? So I think that debate will go on. But and all all all of these business models have a particular time and a place versus one to rule them all. And if anything, if you're a SaaS vendor or you're a platform vendor, having that flexibility.
Speaker 123:05 - 23:25
我希望你回到 per user pricing(按用户定价),我希望你改成 consumption pricing(按用量定价)。对吧?所以我认为,这场争论还会继续。但这些 business model(商业模式)各自都有特定的适用时间和场景,而不是有一个模式能统治一切。如果说有什么启示的话,那就是:如果你是 SaaS vendor(SaaS 供应商)或者 platform vendor(平台供应商),拥有这种灵活性很重要。
Speaker 123:25 - 23:53
And quite frankly, we face this with GitHub, right? We just recently announced upper user pricing on GitHub. Because little GitHub Copilot was constructed at a per user level before we understood even the intensity of usage of agents. It was an interactive way for a developer to use CodeComplete, maybe task. It was not like, oh, I launched 10,000 agents that are going on all day.
Speaker 123:25 - 23:53
说实话,我们在 GitHub 也面临这个问题,对吧?我们最近刚刚在 GitHub 宣布了更高层级的 per user pricing。因为最初的 GitHub Copilot 是按 per user 的层面构建的,那时候我们甚至还没真正理解 agents(智能体)使用强度会有多高。它原本是一种交互式方式,让开发者使用 CodeComplete,也许再做点 task(任务)。它并不是那种“我一下启动 10,000 个 agents,让它们整天运行”的模式。
Speaker 123:54 - 24:02
So that is what the adjustment is about. So now that we really want, there will always be a per user, but there will have to be a consumption meter.
Speaker 123:54 - 24:02
所以,这就是这次调整的核心。也就是说,今后我们真正想要的是:per user 这种方式会一直存在,但也必须配上一个 consumption meter(用量计费机制)。
Speaker 424:02 - 24:27
How do you think about the durability of SaaS more generally? One thing I've observed is in a lot of enterprises internally, there will be teams that almost have agent euphoria. They're so excited about the explosion of things they can build that they're trying to rebuild a lot of applications or going to their SaaS vendors and saying we're not gonna work with you anymore or we're considering an internal project. And it seems like in six to nine months, maybe some of those people will come back and say, actually, we we can't rebuild everything. How do you think about what's durable in this world and what isn't?
Speaker 424:02 - 24:27
你如何更广泛地看待 SaaS 的持久性?我观察到的一件事是,在很多企业内部,会有一些团队几乎进入了 agent euphoria(agent 狂热)状态。他们对自己能构建出来的东西突然暴增这件事非常兴奋,以至于正试图重建很多应用,或者去找他们的 SaaS vendor 说“我们不再和你们合作了”,又或者说“我们在考虑做一个内部项目”。但看起来,六到九个月之后,其中一些人也许会回来并说,实际上,我们没法把所有东西都重建一遍。你怎么看,在这个世界里什么是 durable(可持续、持久)的,什么不是?
Speaker 124:28 - 24:58
I think we have to go through one full budget cycle on this to really see the the sort of the emergence of the equilibrium. Because at the end of the day, there's marginal cost to even generating the app. Right? In fact, there can be even a a simple way to say it, like, if you should always acquire something if the marginal cost of building and maintaining something on your own is higher. Right?
Speaker 124:28 - 24:58
我认为,我们必须完整经历一个 budget cycle(预算周期),才能真正看到那种 equilibrium(均衡)的出现。因为归根结底,哪怕只是生成一个 app(应用),也是有 marginal cost(边际成本)的。对吧?事实上,甚至可以用一个很简单的方式来表述:如果你自己构建并维护某样东西的 marginal cost 更高,那你就应该始终选择 acquire(购买)它。对吧?
Speaker 124:58 - 25:06
That should be like, it's a quantifiable right? A quantifiable thing. And the maintenance part is important. Right? Even like, you gotta remember, like, hey.
Speaker 124:58 - 25:06
这应该是一个可量化的东西,对吧?一个 quantifiable(可量化)的判断。而 maintenance(维护)这一部分很重要。对吧?你甚至得记住,嘿。
Speaker 125:07 - 25:20
You know, all the security stuff that now AI will find, you better fix them too fast. Of course, there's a coding agent to help you with, but then that burns tokens. Right? So whose responsibility is it? It's kind of like a a cycle that you've gotta think through.
Speaker 125:07 - 25:20
你知道,现在所有那些 AI 会发现的安全问题,你最好也得尽快修掉。当然,会有 coding agent 来帮你,但那又会消耗 token。对吧?所以这到底是谁的责任?这有点像一个你必须通盘想清楚的循环。
Speaker 125:21 - 25:38
And I think we have gone through the excitement that I can generate a lot of software. I think the next thing would be, what software do I really wanna generate? What software do I wanna use from others? How do I compose these two into some agentic workflow that I have agency over? Right?
Speaker 125:21 - 25:38
我觉得,我们已经经历过“我可以生成很多软件”的那种兴奋阶段了。我认为下一步会是:我到底真正想生成什么软件?我想使用别人做的什么软件?我该怎么把这两者组合成某种我自己拥有 agency(自主掌控权)的 agentic workflow(智能体式工作流)?对吧?
Speaker 125:38 - 25:57
Because I think there'll be very little tolerance for anybody who's inflexible at the vendor level. But at the same time, I think that anyone who has got that flexibility, shows up, delivers the value, will be back at again. Right? We're selling software, but with just different business models, in fact.
Speaker 125:38 - 25:57
因为我觉得,在 vendor(供应商)层面,任何缺乏灵活性的人都会几乎不被容忍。但与此同时,我也认为,任何真正具备这种灵活性、能够出现、交付价值的人,都会一次又一次被请回来。对吧?我们本质上还是在卖软件,只是商业模式变了而已。
Speaker 325:58 - 26:09
Speaking about building software, one of my favorite moments from, I think, a previous build maybe one or two years ago was they had a big they they there was a section of you building your own software. I'm curious if you're building anything now.
Speaker 325:58 - 26:09
说到构建软件,我记得我最喜欢的一个时刻,应该是之前某次 build,大概一两年前吧,当时他们有一个很大的环节——就是你自己动手构建自己的软件。我很好奇,你现在还在做什么东西吗?
Speaker 126:09 - 26:22
Yeah. So I I think the you know, first of all, let's face it. Right? Building software has made it possible for even the incompetence of a CEO of a company like ours you can build. So thank god.
Speaker 126:09 - 26:22
对。所以我觉得,首先,我们得面对现实。对吧?构建软件这件事,已经让像我们这样的公司里哪怕是 CEO 的无能,都还能自己动手做点东西了。所以,谢天谢地。
Speaker 126:22 - 27:16
But that said, I I I I do feel that, you know, something like GitHub Copilot to me and especially the new sessions app or the new app has just made it so much more possible for you to have agency over artifacts that you felt you couldn't touch before. Right? So for me as a CEO, even to go to a code base, to be able to learn about it like, I remember joining Microsoft long back, you know, first, and then you say, man, everybody had to go in and look at, you know, whatever, Cutler's, Malik, or what have you to learn how to do good c c plus plus code. So now that ability to be more full stack up and down is so good, but that doesn't mean every one of us should be doing the same thing. The question is how do you then have the ability to inspect things, learn things, see things?
Speaker 126:22 - 27:16
不过话说回来,我确实觉得,像 GitHub Copilot 这样的东西——尤其是新的 sessions app 或者那个新 app——已经让你更有可能对那些你以前觉得自己根本碰不了的 artifacts(产物)拥有 agency(自主掌控权)。对吧?所以对我这个 CEO 来说,哪怕只是走进一个 code base(代码库),能够去了解它、学习它,都已经不一样了。我记得很多年前我刚加入 Microsoft 的时候,你会觉得,天啊,每个人都得进去看,不管是 Cutler 的、Malik 的,或者其他谁的代码,才能学会怎么写出好的 c plus plus 代码。所以现在,这种让你在 full stack(全栈)上下贯通的能力变得非常好,但这并不意味着我们每个人都应该去做同样的事。问题在于,你怎样才能具备检查事物、学习事物、看清事物的能力?
Speaker 127:17 - 27:33
I think it's just so much more. And so to me, what I'm building a lot of is these long running foundry agents. Right? So there's autopilots. So the easiest thing is, to me, I think I just built one even last week where the idea was, hey.
Speaker 127:17 - 27:33
我觉得这真的强太多了。所以对我来说,我现在大量在构建的是这种 long running foundry agents(长时运行的 foundry agent)。对吧?也就是 autopilots。最简单的例子是,对我来说,我想我上周甚至刚做了一个,它的想法是,嘿——
Speaker 127:33 - 27:49
Can I have an agent that is continuously monitoring essentially my own chief of staff autopilot? Right? They're gonna have that, obviously, in Scout. That's what we showed. But it is so easy and trivial to build.
Speaker 127:33 - 27:49
我能不能有一个 agent,持续地监控,基本上就像是我自己的 chief of staff autopilot(幕僚长自动驾驶)?对吧?他们显然会在 Scout 里有这个功能。这就是我们展示过的东西。但做起来实在是太容易、太简单了。
Speaker 127:49 - 28:04
I took it WorkIQ. I said, take WorkIQ. Go and build a Foundry long running agent. Store all the memory in using Rayfin, right, basically at my back end as a service. And lo and behold, it built it.
Speaker 127:49 - 28:04
我把它交给了 WorkIQ。我说,用 WorkIQ。去构建一个 Foundry 的 long-running agent。把所有 memory 都用 Rayfin 存起来,对吧,基本上就是作为我后端的一个 service。结果还真就把它做出来了。
Speaker 128:04 - 28:17
And not only built it, I could say publish to Teams, and it published the damn thing to Teams. So the ability to have, you know, some end to end project like this complete is just pretty miraculous.
Speaker 128:04 - 28:17
而且不只是做出来了,我还可以说发布到 Teams,它就真的把那玩意儿发布到 Teams 了。所以,像这样一个端到端的项目能够被完整做成,这种能力简直有点不可思议。
Speaker 428:17 - 28:36
How do you think that impacts the different types of engineering roles that exist in the future? Because right now, I think there's, you know, a dozen different types of engineers that you can be from QA, front end, etcetera. You know, there's a big swath. I've heard some people argue that in four or five years, we'll basically end up with four engineering roles. It'll be people who are managing agents.
Speaker 428:17 - 28:36
你觉得这会如何影响未来存在的不同类型的 engineering 角色?因为现在,我觉得大概有十几种不同类型的 engineer 可以做,从 QA、front end 等等。覆盖面很大。我听到有些人主张,四五年后,我们基本上会只剩下四种 engineering 角色。会有负责管理 agents 的人。
Speaker 428:36 - 28:40
It'll be forward deployed engineers or FDEs. It'll be security engineers,
Speaker 428:36 - 28:40
会有 forward deployed engineers,也就是 FDEs。会有 security engineers,
Speaker 328:40 - 28:41
and then
Speaker 328:40 - 28:41
然后
Speaker 428:41 - 28:47
people working on large scale infrastructure for a small number of services, and then everything else just collapses into the agentic world.
Speaker 428:41 - 28:47
会有为少数几个 service 构建大规模基础设施的人,除此之外,其他一切都会收缩进 agentic 世界里。
Speaker 128:47 - 28:48
Yeah. Do you
Speaker 128:47 - 28:48
对。你
Speaker 428:48 - 28:49
think that's a correct view of the world?
Speaker 428:48 - 28:49
觉得这是一种对世界的正确看法吗?
Speaker 128:49 - 29:05
Yeah. I mean, I think I think we'll have to experiment our way through it. But what you said is what there are some very at scale things. At LinkedIn, they did structurally change and, you know, basically built up a new discipline called full stack builder. Right?
Speaker 128:49 - 29:05
对。我是说,我觉得我们得靠不断试验来摸索出路。不过你说的这一点是对的:确实有一些已经在大规模推进的做法。在 LinkedIn,他们确实做了结构性的调整,而且你知道,基本上建立起了一种新的职能,叫 full stack builder。对吧?
Speaker 129:05 - 29:31
So they went and said, hey, let's bring people from design and product management, front end engineering, all put them together, but also have an edge. Right? It's not like the design person still doesn't have the design edge or the front end person doesn't have the front end edge, but you can give yourself bigger scope in roles so that you're not confined to one role. And then equally, infrastructures become very critical. Right?
Speaker 129:05 - 29:31
所以他们会说,嘿,我们把 design、product management、front end engineering 的人都拉到一起,整合成一个团队,但同时每个人也要保有自己的 edge(专长优势)。对吧?这并不是说 design 的人就没有 design 的优势了,或者 front end 的人就没有 front end 的优势了,而是你可以把自己的角色 scope(职责范围)做大,不再被局限在单一角色里。与此同时,infrastructure(基础设施)也会变得非常关键。对吧?
Speaker 129:31 - 30:02
So in other words like, I mean, RLEs, I mean, one thing we have realized is even for the Excel team, for example, building the RLE in which a reward can be learned is actually one of the hardest sort of infrastructure problems. And so you kind of need even new talent, right? Distributed systems people even in what was considered an end user app team, because it's a different skill set. So yes, infrastructure, science is the other one, obviously. So I think we'll see how these evolve, right?
Speaker 129:31 - 30:02
换句话说,我是说,像 RLE 这样的东西,我们意识到的一点是,即便是对 Excel team 来说也是如此,比如说,去构建一个能够学习 reward(奖励)的 RLE,实际上是最难的 infrastructure 问题之一。所以你其实甚至需要新的人才,对吧?哪怕是在过去被认为是 end user app team 的团队里,也需要 distributed systems 的人,因为这对应的是完全不同的 skill set(技能组合)。所以没错,infrastructure 是一方面,science 当然也是另一方面。所以我觉得我们会看到这些东西如何继续演化。对吧?
Speaker 130:02 - 30:28
Where's this real I mean, always the world will have a bunch of specialists. You know, I think the generalist role is gonna be the most exciting, right? Because the leverage of a generalist is where we are going to see the maximum returns, right? When you said, Hey, are you coding? I'm now a gen I basically translated knowledge work, right?
Speaker 130:02 - 30:28
真正的情况在哪里呢?我是说,这个世界永远都会有一大批 specialists(专家型人才)。不过我觉得,generalist(通才)这个角色会是最令人兴奋的,对吧?因为 generalist 的 leverage(杠杆效应)会是我们看到最大回报的地方,对吧?当你问“嘿,你是在写代码吗?”时,我现在基本上会把它翻译成:我是在做 knowledge work(知识工作),对吧?
Speaker 130:28 - 30:46
Which I did, where I created a Word document or a spreadsheet or even And now I can build an app, Right? It's in the same sentence. Right? That idea that, oh, wow. My generalist skills have gotten a higher leverage, I think, is what we're gonna see across the board.
Speaker 130:28 - 30:46
我以前做的是创建一个 Word document、一个 spreadsheet,或者别的什么;而现在我可以直接 build an app,对吧?它们现在已经可以放在同一句话里了。对吧?那种“哇,我作为 generalist 的能力获得了更高杠杆”的感觉,我觉得会是我们接下来在各个领域都会看到的事情。
Speaker 230:46 - 30:51
Music to the ears of CEOs and VCs that are, like, a little dangerous and a lot
Speaker 230:46 - 30:51
这对那些 CEO 和 VCs 来说简直是天籁之音——虽然听上去也有点危险,而且非常
Speaker 330:51 - 30:52
of Golden age for idea people.
Speaker 330:51 - 30:52
像是 idea people 的黄金时代。
Speaker 230:52 - 31:17
Idea people. Yeah. With a lot of agency. If you take that idea of personal agency and you just zoom it out to the organizational context. My partner Mike Murnal, who actually started his career at Microsoft, just wrote an essay where one of the big takeaways is it's an age where you can be much more ambitious and you need to be given the pace of the environment and how quickly actually users and companies are open to adopting new technologies.
Speaker 230:52 - 31:17
idea people。对,而且是那些有很强 agency(主观能动性/执行力)的人。如果你把这种 personal agency(个人能动性)的概念,放大到 organizational context(组织语境)里来看,我的合伙人 Mike Murnal——他其实是从 Microsoft 开启职业生涯的——刚写了一篇文章,其中一个重要结论就是:这是一个你可以更有雄心的时代,而且考虑到当前环境的节奏,以及 users 和 companies 实际上接受新技术的速度之快,你也必须更有雄心。
Speaker 231:18 - 31:27
How do you think about I feel silly asking this of somebody running a trillion dollar plus company already, but how do you think about how Microsoft can be more ambitious now?
Speaker 231:18 - 31:27
你怎么看——我向一家市值超过一万亿美元公司的掌舵者问这个问题,感觉有点傻——但你认为 Microsoft 现在还能如何变得更有雄心?
Speaker 131:28 - 32:07
It's a great question. I think the thing in these type of transitions is to have a conceptual model of how work can change to go after outcomes that you could hardly imagine previously. Right? In fact, Kevin Scott has this nice line, right, which is when you can make the impossible like, when you're making hard things easier, that's sort of one point of leverage. But true ambition is about making the impossible possible.
Speaker 131:28 - 32:07
这是个很好的问题。我认为,在这类转型中,关键是要有一个概念模型,去理解工作会如何变化,从而去追求那些以前几乎无法想象的结果。对吧?实际上,Kevin Scott 有一句很好的话:当你让困难的事情变得更容易时,那是一种 leverage(杠杆点);但真正的雄心,是让不可能的事情变得可能。
Speaker 132:08 - 32:31
So now the thing that is missing a little bit in all of our organizations is what is that new conceptual model of what can we build? What was impossible and what can we build? And I'll give you one example of this, right? Which is I take great inspiration from sort of the people who were managing the Azure network. And they came to the this is from even last year.
Speaker 132:08 - 32:31
所以现在,我们所有组织里多少都缺少的一点是:那个新的概念模型到底是什么?我们能构建什么?过去哪些是不可能的,现在又能构建什么?我举一个例子。这个例子给了我很大启发:是那些负责管理 Azure network 的人。他们提出这一点,甚至是从去年就开始了。
Speaker 132:32 - 32:42
You know, we were scaling. You saw that I I talked about sort of how we built in the last fifteen months more Azure capacity than we built in the first fifteen years. I mean, it's crazy. Wild.
Speaker 132:32 - 32:42
你知道,我们当时正在扩张。你也看到我提到过,在过去十五个月里,我们建设的 Azure capacity 比前十五年建设的总量还要多。我的意思是,这太疯狂了。非常惊人。
Speaker 432:42 - 32:42
Yeah.
Speaker 432:42 - 32:42
对。
Speaker 132:42 - 32:55
Right? It's pretty wild. And it's the same team. So they saw that and they said, Bob, this just ain't gonna work if we don't reconceptualize our work. So they built essentially, they said, our job is not to do Azure networking.
Speaker 132:42 - 32:55
对吧?确实非常惊人。而且还是同一支团队。所以他们看到了这一点,然后说,Bob,如果我们不重新构想我们的工作方式,这根本行不通。于是他们基本上构建了——也就是说,他们认为,我们的工作不是做 Azure networking。
Speaker 132:55 - 33:14
Our job is to build the agentic system that does Azure networking. Right? These are the folks managing the 500 plus fiber operators managing the van, right, all over. And fiber operations ultimately is a physical operation. Things get caught, things get, you know, have to be repaired.
Speaker 132:55 - 33:14
我们的工作,是构建那个来做 Azure networking 的 agentic system(agent 驱动系统)。对吧?这些人管理着 500 多家 fiber operators(光纤运营商),管理着遍布各地的 van,对吧?而 fiber operations(光纤运维)归根结底是一项物理性的运营工作。东西会被卡住,会出问题,你知道,还得去维修。
Speaker 133:14 - 33:27
You know, we have fancy words called DevOps and so on. Basically, emails are coming in, and you gotta go respond to them, take care of it. So they built this agentic system. They even have a character for it. It's called Miles, and it sort of does all this stuff.
Speaker 133:14 - 33:27
你知道,我们有些很花哨的词,比如 DevOps 之类的。说到底,就是邮件不断进来,而你必须去响应、去处理。所以他们构建了这个 agentic system。他们甚至还给它设计了一个角色形象。它叫 Miles,而且它基本上就在处理所有这些事情。
Speaker 133:28 - 33:38
Right? They started sort of screaming for more tokens and so on. And so they were saying, look. We don't need headcount. We need tokens in order to be able to manage our operation.
Speaker 133:28 - 33:38
对吧?后来他们开始不断喊着要更多 token(令牌)之类的东西。也就是说,他们在说:你看,我们不需要 headcount(人员编制),我们需要的是 token,才能把我们的运营管理好。
Speaker 133:38 - 33:49
That reconceptualization of what their work is. Right? They've they basically took their work and made it meta. Right? That meta work is now their new work.
Speaker 133:38 - 33:49
那是对他们工作的重新概念化,对吧?他们基本上是把自己的工作提升到了 meta 层面。对吧?这种 meta work 现在成了他们新的工作。
Speaker 233:49 - 33:49
Mhmm.
Speaker 233:49 - 33:49
嗯。
Speaker 133:49 - 34:29
Right? In the eighties, if somebody had come to us and said, 4,000,000,000 people are gonna get up in the morning and start typing, my model would have been, we need 4,000,000,000 typists, but we're not doing typing. We're doing knowledge work. So that to me, I think, is it, right, which is whether it's Microsoft or whether it's any organization, is to give ourselves permission to do new types of metacognition, meta work using these new tools to change the outputs that matter, and then really make the impossible possible. So completing that dot or the the connective tissue across those, I think, is where a lot of the enterprise value will get created.
Speaker 133:49 - 34:29
对吧?如果在八十年代,有人来对我们说,40 亿人每天早上起来都会开始打字,我的模型会是:我们需要 40 亿个打字员;但我们现在做的不是 typing,我们做的是 knowledge work(知识工作)。所以对我来说,我认为关键就在这里,对吧?无论是 Microsoft 还是任何一个组织,都要允许自己借助这些新工具去进行新类型的 metacognition(元认知)和 meta work,从而改变那些真正重要的产出,并真正让不可能变成可能。所以,要把这些点连起来,或者说把它们之间的 connective tissue(连接组织)补全,我认为很多 enterprise value(企业价值)就会在这里被创造出来。
Speaker 334:29 - 34:31
Should we talk about data centers?
Speaker 334:29 - 34:31
我们要不要聊聊 data centers(数据中心)?
Speaker 434:31 - 34:32
Yeah. Please ask.
Speaker 434:31 - 34:32
好啊。请问。
Speaker 334:32 - 34:58
Oh, okay. Well, we this leads nicely into the data center build out. I always think just I'm just impressed with the sheer scale of the build out from Microsoft, but also everyone else that this is redefining what it means to be a hyperscaler. And I just feel like that that that is had unprecedented scale on finances, on the way you run the company, but also the communities that are that are impacted. Let's just talk a bit more about what you're seeing on the ground, like, when you visit your
Speaker 334:32 - 34:58
哦,好的。我想这正好自然地引到 data center 的 build out(建设扩张)上。我一直觉得,光是 Microsoft 的建设规模就已经非常令人震撼了,更不用说其他所有公司;这正在重新定义什么叫 hyperscaler(超大规模云服务商)。而且我感觉,这在资金规模上、在公司运营方式上,以及在受到影响的社区层面上,都达到了前所未有的规模。我们不妨再多聊一点你在一线看到的情况,比如说,当你去访问你们的——
Speaker 134:59 - 35:13
Yeah. I think there are two aspects of it. Obviously, the the build out is extraordinary. You know, nothing like this has happened, and it's great to be one of the participants in it. But you brought up the other part, right?
Speaker 134:59 - 35:13
对。我觉得这有两个方面。显然,这种 build out 非同寻常。你知道,过去从未发生过这样的事情,而能成为其中的参与者之一也很棒。但你也提到了另一部分,对吧?
Speaker 135:13 - 35:47
I think at this point, it's clear that unless we as an industry are very principled about ensuring that the benefits of all the stuff we're talking about are felt in real ways at the community level. Right? Because this is not just campaign, right? It has to be real where people are saying, Look, this is not changing the prices on energy for me. In fact, if anything, it's bringing down prices because long term, there's gonna be a better grid.
Speaker 135:13 - 35:47
我觉得到了这个时候,已经很清楚了:除非我们整个行业在确保我们现在谈论的这一切所带来的好处,能够在社区层面以真实的方式被感受到这件事上,非常有原则。对吧?因为这不只是 campaign(宣传活动),对吧?它必须是真实的,让人们能够说:你看,这并没有改变我的能源价格。事实上,如果有影响的话,它还在降低价格,因为从长期来看,电网会变得更好。
Speaker 135:47 - 36:11
There's gonna be more energy. Water consumption is in fact not sort of In fact, water is being replenished, right? You gotta really educate folks on truly what's happening, the closed loop systems we are building. We have to invest in the training, the jobs, the tax base. In fact, the least talked about stuff is the amount of jobs that get created during construction, after construction.
Speaker 135:47 - 36:11
能源会更多。water consumption(用水量)事实上并不是那种——实际上,水是在被补充的,对吧?你必须真正去教育公众,让大家了解真实发生了什么,了解我们正在建设的 closed loop systems(闭环系统)。我们必须投资于培训、就业机会和 tax base(税基)。事实上,最少被谈到的一点,是在建设期间以及建成之后所创造出来的大量工作岗位。
Speaker 136:11 - 36:27
What's the tax base that's there in the community? And all this has to be real. And and if that is the case, then we will have permission. If it is not, we won't have permission. It's as simple as that, right, which is we we I think we have to take it as an industry pretty seriously.
Speaker 136:11 - 36:27
社区里现有的税基是什么?而且这一切都必须是真实的。并且如果情况确实如此,那我们就会获得许可;如果不是,我们就不会获得许可。就是这么简单,对吧?也就是说,我认为作为一个行业,我们必须非常认真地对待这件事。
Speaker 136:27 - 37:13
I think it's good for communities to be skeptical, ask the hard question, for us to do the hard work, earn that. But at the end of the day, if this if we can really be the I've always felt like in human history, if you use a lot of energy, but also create a lot of value for society, the story has been fantastic. If you don't do that, it's not been that great. And this time around, I'm a firm believer that ultimately, if you do have a token economy that drives productivity, that drives economic growth, that drives broad spread participation, better health outcomes, then I think we'll be in a great place. And that's at least what we all have to be focused on.
Speaker 136:27 - 37:13
我觉得社区保持怀疑、提出尖锐的问题是好事,而我们则要去做艰难的工作,去赢得这种认可。但归根结底,如果这件事——我一直觉得,在人类历史中,如果你消耗大量能源,同时也为社会创造大量价值,那么这个故事一直都非常精彩;如果做不到这一点,结果通常就没那么好。而这一次,我坚定地相信,最终如果你确实拥有一种 token economy(token 经济),它能推动生产力、推动经济增长、推动广泛参与,并带来更好的健康结果,那么我认为我们就会处在一个非常好的位置。至少这是我们所有人都必须聚焦的事。
Speaker 337:13 - 37:20
Yeah. It makes me think actually that with all these initiatives that you're doing, it might be easier to see ROI in the communities first before in enterprise.
Speaker 337:13 - 37:20
是的。这实际上让我想到,随着你们在做所有这些 initiatives(举措),也许先在社区里、再到 enterprise(企业)里,更容易看到 ROI(投资回报)。
Speaker 137:21 - 37:46
I mean, I think both sides. In fact, it comes back together. It has to be the people in the communities are going to be employed, are going to be participants in the real economy, right? That's, I think, the question is like, if the broad economy is doing well and the communities are doing well, the dots get connected. It's sort of the market forces are such that we will connect the dots.
Speaker 137:21 - 37:46
我的意思是,我觉得两边都是。事实上,它们最终会重新汇合在一起。必须是社区中的人会被雇佣,会成为真实经济中的参与者,对吧?所以我认为问题在于:如果更广泛的经济运行良好,社区也发展良好,那么这些点就会被连起来。某种意义上,市场力量会促使我们把这些点连接起来。
Speaker 137:46 - 37:56
And that, I think, is it. Like, you ought to be able to see the evidence. You can't be about any one company, but it has to be broad economic growth and broad, you know, community permission.
Speaker 137:46 - 37:56
而我认为,重点就在这里。比如,你应该能够看到证据。这不能关乎某一家公司的成败,而必须是广泛的经济增长,以及广泛的、你知道的、社区许可。
Speaker 437:56 - 38:04
Yeah. Guess that's what I wanna talk about. What are most optimistic about currently or what have you most updated your personal models on regarding societal impact of AI?
Speaker 437:56 - 38:04
是的。我想这就是我想谈的。你目前最乐观的是什么?或者说,关于 AI 对社会影响这一点,你最近对自己的个人模型做了哪些最大更新?
Speaker 138:05 - 38:06
So you're saying what's the
Speaker 138:05 - 38:06
所以你的意思是,什么是——
Speaker 338:07 - 38:10
What did you update it most on in terms of societal impact of AI? Yeah.
Speaker 338:07 - 38:10
你在 AI 的社会影响这件事上,最近最大的认知更新是什么?对。
Speaker 138:10 - 39:04
I think the the most critical thing is the first question we even started with, which is we need to tell the story and make it real, that everybody has a real shot to participate as a first class participant in this new economy. That's kind of, I think, in the next twelve months, eighteen months, we need a way for people to say, Oh, wow, I get it. Right? There's going to be tremendous capability, tremendous amount of infrastructure. But I can see what is going to happen, whether it's the benefits like health outcomes or my ability to create a startup or my ability to run my local sort of store more efficiently.
Speaker 138:10 - 39:04
我认为,最关键的事情其实就是我们一开始提出的第一个问题:我们需要把这个故事讲清楚,并让它变得真实可感,让每个人都觉得,自己都真正有机会作为这个新经济中的一等参与者参与其中。我觉得,大概在接下来的十二到十八个月里,我们需要一种方式,让人们能够说,哦,哇,我明白了。对吧?未来会有巨大的能力,会有海量的基础设施。但我能看见接下来会发生什么,无论是健康结果之类的好处,还是我创办 startup 的能力,或是我更高效经营本地小店的能力。
Speaker 139:04 - 39:25
It's just happening, and I see that benefit myself. Right? That to me, you know, earning that permission in a path dependent way, we can't wait. See, the one thing that I've now learned is I think the world is going to be very skeptical of tech and tech companies that say, Trust us. We've got it.
Speaker 139:04 - 39:25
这件事就是在发生,而且我自己也看到了这种好处。对吧?对我来说,以一种 path dependent(路径依赖)的方式去赢得这种许可,我们已经不能再等了。你看,我现在学到的一点是,我觉得这个世界会非常怀疑那些对外说“相信我们,我们能搞定”的 tech 和 tech companies。
Speaker 139:26 - 39:50
The future is going to be glorious. You kind of have to deliver tangible benefits. And quite frankly, politicians winning elections because they have advocated for that. That will be at least my adjustment. Because without it, thinking that somehow because it's too important this time around.
Speaker 139:26 - 39:50
未来会很辉煌。你必须真正交付看得见、摸得着的实际好处。坦率地说,还得有 politicians 因为倡导这些而赢得选举。这至少会是我的调整。因为如果没有这些,就还指望这一次仅仅因为它太重要了,事情就会自然成真。
Speaker 139:50 - 39:53
It's too much of the economy for it not to be the case.
Speaker 139:50 - 39:53
它在经济中所占的比重太大了,不可能不是这样。
Speaker 239:53 - 40:07
So one very simple framework I have for, what is going to be the broad benefit of AI beyond the communities just working in technology are of wealth creation.
Speaker 239:53 - 40:07
所以,我有一个非常简单的框架,用来理解 AI 带来的广泛好处——不只是惠及那些在 technology 社群里工作的人——那就是财富创造。
Speaker 140:07 - 40:07
It's going
Speaker 140:07 - 40:07
它将会
Speaker 240:07 - 40:16
to happen in a ton of different companies, startups and large companies. Then you have health care. You you had amazing demos today. There are companies like Open Evidence. I think that is happening.
Speaker 240:07 - 40:16
在大量不同的 companies 中发生,包括 startups 和大型公司。然后还有 health care。你今天已经看到了很棒的 demos。像 Open Evidence 这样的公司,我认为这已经在发生了。
Speaker 240:16 - 40:26
Education seems like another one that's an obvious good where we haven't seen as much impact as I'd expect. Do have a hypothesis on why that might be or if it'll come?
Speaker 240:16 - 40:26
Education 看起来也是另一个显而易见的利好领域,只是我们目前看到的影响还没有我原本预期的那么大。你是否有一个假设,解释为什么会这样,或者这种影响之后会不会到来?
Speaker 140:26 - 40:48
Yeah. Mean, I think this is where, again, how we think about education, how Recently, I met with founders of Alpha School and learned a lot about what they were going and going about. And it's fascinating to listen to how to even rethink what does education really look like, because I think it's actually very important. And I'm not saying anything traditionally being done is less important. Right?
Speaker 140:26 - 40:48
是的。我的意思是,我想这又回到了我们如何看待教育这个问题。最近,我见了 Alpha School 的创始人,也了解了很多他们正在做的事情和背后的思路。很有意思的是,去重新思考教育到底应该是什么样子,因为我认为这实际上非常重要。我并不是说传统上在做的那些事就没那么重要,对吧?
Speaker 140:48 - 41:08
I was even looking at the It's fascinating to see. I forget which Stanford class it was, the the Asian guidelines for CS something. Mhmm. Because you still need people to learn. Like, it was an interesting AI class that they were making sure people were learning how to apply softmax appropriately versus saying, hey, fix my training run.
Speaker 140:48 - 41:08
我当时还在看,真的很有意思。我忘了那是 Stanford 的哪门课了,好像是和 CS 相关的某个亚洲指南之类的。嗯哼。因为你仍然需要人们去学习。那是一门很有意思的 AI 课,他们在确保学生学会如何正确应用 softmax,而不是只是说一句“嘿,帮我修一下我的 training run”。
Speaker 141:09 - 41:57
So I think learning concepts is important. It's going to be critical. But the way we create the incentives, what are the credentials, how we value those credentials, what is the employment opportunity for those credentials? So I think that there's a complete change that has to happen given the way to get to information, way to educate yourself, way to continuously keep yourself updated has changed so much. So, I think, interestingly enough, maybe the next big start up and success story could be someone who builds a new university or a new pedagogy even of how to get someone to go through a curriculum and find economic opportunity, that's highly valuable.
Speaker 141:09 - 41:57
所以我认为,学习概念是重要的,而且会是关键的。但我们如何设计激励机制、有哪些 credential(资历凭证)、我们如何评价这些 credential,以及这些 credential 对应什么样的就业机会——这些都很重要。所以我认为,考虑到人们获取信息的方式、自我教育的方式、以及持续更新自己的方式都已经发生了巨大变化,整个体系都必须彻底改变。因此,我觉得很有意思的是,下一个大的 start up(初创公司)和成功故事,也许会来自某个建立新型大学的人,或者提出一种新的 pedagogy(教学法)的人,去帮助一个人完成一套 curriculum(课程体系),并找到经济机会;这是非常有价值的。
Speaker 241:57 - 42:04
Well, that has felt, perhaps impossible for a long time, but it's a great note to end on and something that might be possible. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you, Satya.
Speaker 241:57 - 42:04
嗯,这件事在很长一段时间里也许都让人觉得几乎不可能,但作为结束语这是个很好的点,而且也许它真的有可能实现。是的,是的。谢谢你,Satya。
Speaker 142:04 - 42:07
Thank you so much. Thank you. I appreciate it. Thank you all.
Speaker 142:04 - 42:07
非常感谢。谢谢。非常感激。也谢谢大家。
Speaker 242:09 - 42:25
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Speaker 242:09 - 42:25
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