BuildSpeak每日 builder 文摘
今日归档生词本关于
🎙 播客No Priors· 2026 年 6 月 18 日· 8,087 词 · 约 40 分钟

Re-engineering the Semiconductor Supply Chain with Intel CEO Lip Bu Tan

SPACE 播放 / 暂停·←→ 上一句 / 下一句
Speaker 100:00 - 00:28
Nine of the 10 company I invest, halfway they change their business plan because market have changed. Yeah. So I like to have entrepreneur as team, not just one person. I always believed in when I was at Cadence and also at Intel is first of all you crawl and be humble, listen to customer. And then first step for me is to strengthen my balance sheet, focus on the products, and I really simplify the product, listen to the customer, and then drive the next generation leadership products.
Speaker 100:00 - 00:28
我投资的 10 家公司里有 9 家,做到一半都会因为市场变化而改变商业计划。是的。所以我喜欢创业者是一个团队,而不只是一个人。我一直相信——我在 Cadence 的时候如此,在 Intel 也是如此——首先你要先 crawl(从基础做起),保持谦逊,倾听客户。然后对我来说,第一步是加强资产负债表,专注产品,并且真正把产品简化下来,倾听客户,然后推动下一代领导性产品。
Speaker 100:28 - 00:47
And then right now, the agentic AI and influence CPU become highly in demand. And so in some way, I'm happy. Right now, the demand is very high for my CPU. Secondly, very happy that Jensen Huang, my all time friend, he also put 5,000,000,000 in investing and support me. This 5,000,000,000 become 25,000,000,000 now.
Speaker 100:28 - 00:47
然后现在,agentic AI(代理式 AI)以及受其带动的 CPU 需求变得非常高。所以从某种意义上说,我很高兴。现在,我的 CPU 需求非常高。其次,我也很高兴,Jensen Huang——我一直以来的朋友——他也投入了 5,000,000,000 来投资并支持我。这 5,000,000,000 现在已经变成了 25,000,000,000。
Speaker 100:47 - 00:52
If you look at it ten years from now, what are we be the winning company? The one that
Speaker 100:47 - 00:52
如果你把时间拉到十年之后来看,什么样的公司会成为赢家?就是那个——
Speaker 201:00 - 01:22
Hi, listeners. Welcome back to No Priors. Today, Elad and I are here with Lip Bu Tan, the legendary investor from Walden, then CEO of Cadence, now CEO of Intel. We talk about his plan to transform Intel, having the US government as a major shareholder, how to be an amazing semiconductors investor, and whether or not we can make chips in The United States. Welcome, Lip Bu.
Speaker 201:00 - 01:22
嗨,听众朋友们,欢迎回到 No Priors。今天,Elad 和我请到了 Lip Bu Tan:他是来自 Walden 的传奇投资人,后来担任 Cadence 的 CEO,现在是 Intel 的 CEO。我们聊了他改造 Intel 的计划、美国政府作为大股东这件事、如何成为一名出色的 semiconductors(半导体)投资人,以及我们到底能不能在 The United States 制造芯片。欢迎你,Lip Bu。
Speaker 201:22 - 01:33
Lip Bu, it's great to see you. We'll start with the obvious question. This is a really hard job to go be CEO of this incredibly important American semis company. Why take the job at all?
Speaker 201:22 - 01:33
Lip Bu,很高兴见到你。我们先从一个最直接的问题开始。这真的是一份非常艰难的工作——去担任这家极其重要的美国 semis(半导体)公司的 CEO。你为什么还要接下这份工作?
Speaker 101:33 - 01:57
It's a good question. I'm 66, and people thought, wow, you should retire rather than taking on this hardest job in the industry. And so a couple of reasons. One is this is an iconic company, and it's so important for the semiconductor ecosystem and also so important for United States. And so I decided to do one more after Cadence.
Speaker 101:33 - 01:57
这是个好问题。我 66 岁了,很多人会觉得,哇,你应该退休,而不是去接下这个行业里最难的工作。所以有几个原因。第一,这是一个标志性公司,而且它对整个 semiconductor(半导体)生态系统非常重要,对 United States 也非常重要。所以我决定在 Cadence 之后,再做一次。
Speaker 201:57 - 02:01
A lot has happened in this past year. What has been most surprising to you?
Speaker 201:57 - 02:01
在过去这一年里发生了很多事。什么事情最让你感到意外?
Speaker 102:02 - 02:31
Well, the most surprising that I don't learn from my previous job or even training is one day early morning, President Trump asking me to resign, and conflict of interest, and there's no exceptions. And so I had to convince myself, first of all, I don't need this job. I do it purely to save Intel. And so take that personal issue out of the way. Then I figure out, what can I do to be helpful to Intel?
Speaker 102:02 - 02:31
嗯,最让我意外的是,有件事无论是我之前的工作经历还是受过的训练,都没有让我学会如何应对:有一天一大早,President Trump 要求我辞职,说这里面有利益冲突,而且没有例外可言。所以我首先得说服自己:我并不需要这份工作。我做这件事纯粹是为了拯救 Intel。所以,先把这个个人问题放到一边。然后我就开始想,我能做些什么,才真正对 Intel 有帮助?
Speaker 102:31 - 02:53
And so good news is I have a meeting, you know, Thursday morning, and then Monday, I have the meeting. And then he listened to me like I have a chance to explain myself. And I was born in Malaysia, grown up in Singapore, went to MIT, and I live in US. I never lived outside country. And so something that I share, and that somehow he listened very well.
Speaker 102:31 - 02:53
所以好消息是,我周四上午有一场会面,然后到了周一,我就参加了那场会面。后来他听我讲,让我有机会为自己解释。我出生在 Malaysia,在 Singapore 长大,去了 MIT,现在住在 US。我从来没有在这个国家之外生活过。所以我分享了这些,而他也确实听得很认真。
Speaker 102:54 - 02:57
And then he gave me the chance, and so I'm delighted.
Speaker 102:54 - 02:57
然后他给了我这个机会,所以我非常高兴。
Speaker 202:57 - 03:07
And now you have the chance to do the work. When you said, you know, the job is to save Intel. It's a really important company. What does that look like to you? What does Intel winning or thriving look like?
Speaker 202:57 - 03:07
现在你有机会去做这项工作了。你说过,这份工作的目标是拯救 Intel。这是一家非常重要的公司。在你看来,这具体意味着什么?Intel 的胜利,或者说 Intel 的兴盛,应该是什么样子?
Speaker 103:07 - 03:18
Yeah. I just passed fourteen months. A lot of things happened in this fourteen months. So a couple of things. One is to change the culture and then clearly want to drive more accountability.
Speaker 103:07 - 03:18
对。我刚刚满十四个月。这十四个月里发生了很多事情。所以有几件事。第一是要改变文化,然后显然也要推动更强的 accountability(问责)。
Speaker 103:19 - 03:50
And also in terms of decision making, had to be faster. You know, I'm so used to startup culture, and you move fast in the speed of light and going to have that bureaucracy layer of layer of meeting. And so something that I change accountability, listened to the customer, and the customer delighted. Someone like Lipo, so humble, willing to listen, and then address some of the problem that they face, and then try to delight the customer. And also the other part, from day one, I decided all the engineering report to me.
Speaker 103:19 - 03:50
还有在决策方面,必须更快。你知道,我太习惯 startup(初创公司)文化了,动作要快,快得像光速一样,而不是一层又一层官僚式的会议。所以我做的一些改变包括强化 accountability(问责),倾听 customer(客户),让 customer(客户)满意。像 Lipo 这样的人,非常谦逊,愿意倾听,然后去解决他们所面对的一些问题,并努力让 customer(客户)满意。还有另一部分是,从第一天起,我就决定让所有 engineering(工程)团队都直接向我汇报。
Speaker 103:51 - 04:24
Being an engineer by training, I want to know what went wrong and what are the things that I need to correct, listen to the customer, and delight the customer, and then make sure that we have the right product, simplify our product line, and really have the road map and the vision for the next five, ten years. What is your vision of where Intel should be in ten years? Yeah, I think a couple of things. One, I always believed in when I was at Cadence and also at Intel is, first of all, you crawl and then be humble, listen to customer. And then secondly, you're starting to walk.
Speaker 103:51 - 04:24
作为科班出身的 engineer(工程师),我想知道到底哪里出了问题,也想知道我需要纠正哪些事情,倾听 customer(客户),让 customer(客户)满意,然后确保我们有正确的 product(产品),简化我们的 product line(产品线),并真正拿出未来五年、十年的 road map(路线图)和 vision(愿景)。你对 Intel 十年后应该处于什么位置,有什么愿景?对,我想有几件事。第一,我一直相信——不管是在 Cadence 还是在 Intel——首先,你要先爬,然后保持谦逊,倾听 customer(客户)。然后第二步,你才开始走。
Speaker 104:24 - 04:42
And then finally, you're starting to run-in sprint. So that's kind of my culture of step by step doing it. And then first step for me is to strengthen my balance sheets. And the balance sheet is really horrible in some way, so I'm delighted. You US government become a big shareholder.
Speaker 104:24 - 04:42
然后最后,你才开始跑,开始冲刺。所以这大概就是我的文化:一步一步地去做。对我来说,第一步是加强我的 balance sheet(资产负债表)。而这张 balance sheet(资产负债表)在某种程度上真的很糟,所以我很高兴你们 US government(美国政府)成为了一个大股东。
Speaker 104:42 - 05:12
Just I explained to president Trump, TSMC, when they started, they have the Taiwan government as a shareholder. If you look at Japan, look at Singapore, this is the infrastructure US government get to provide the support. Secondly, very happy that Jensen Huang, my all time friend, he also put $5,000,000,000 in investing and support me, and I'm glad I at least do some good work. His $5,000,000,000 become $25,000,000,000 now and or more. And then the other part is SoftBank Master.
Speaker 104:42 - 05:12
我刚刚向 president Trump 解释过,TSMC 在刚起步的时候,Taiwan government 也是它的 shareholder(股东)。如果你看看 Japan,再看看 Singapore,这类基础设施都需要 US government 提供支持。第二,我也非常高兴,Jensen Huang,我一直以来的朋友,也投入了 $5,000,000,000 来投资并支持我,我很高兴自己至少做对了一些事。他的这 $5,000,000,000 现在已经变成了 $25,000,000,000,甚至更多。然后另一部分是 SoftBank Master。
Speaker 105:12 - 05:37
I used to be at SoftBank Board, and then he lent a hand to help me. So we strengthened the balance sheet and then focused on the products. And I really simplified the product, listened to the customer, and then drive the next generation leadership products. And then in some ways, very lucky. Right now, the AgenTeq AI and Influence CPU become highly in demand.
Speaker 105:12 - 05:37
我以前在 SoftBank Board 任职,后来他也帮了我一把。所以我们先强化了资产负债表,然后把重心放回产品。我也把产品线大幅简化,倾听客户声音,然后推动下一代领导性产品。某种程度上说,也算是很幸运。现在,AgenTeq AI 和 Influence CPU 的需求都非常旺盛。
Speaker 105:37 - 06:12
And so versus one to eight in the training CPU to GPU, now I can see one to four, maybe one to one, and I'm delighted CPU become important. I talked to some of the AI model and developer, and they said, well, in terms of reinforced learning, in terms of the speed of orchestrating all the agents, and turn up the CPU is actually is better. And so in some way, I'm happy. Right now, the demand is very high for my CPU. So I think overall, build on the product, on the data center server side.
Speaker 105:37 - 06:12
所以,相比过去在 training 中 CPU 对 GPU 大约是一比八的关系,现在我看到可能是一比四,甚至可能接近一比一,我很高兴 CPU 又变得重要了。我和一些 AI model 以及 developer 聊过,他们说,在 reinforced learning 方面、在编排所有 agent 的速度方面,提升 CPU 实际上反而更好。所以从某种意义上说,我很高兴。现在,我的 CPU 需求非常高。所以我认为,整体上还是要继续立足于产品,立足于 data center server 这一侧。
Speaker 106:12 - 06:33
Then the other part is our foundry business. And initially, this is a capital intensive business, and it's not easy. And you really need to have a couple of things. You need to have all the right IP so that you can support the customer. Like for example, if it is mobile related, you've got to have low power IP set that you need to have.
Speaker 106:12 - 06:33
另一部分是我们的 foundry business。最初,这是一项 capital intensive(资本密集型)业务,而且并不容易。你确实需要具备几样东西。你需要拥有所有正确的 IP,这样才能支持客户。比如说,如果是和 mobile 相关的,你就必须具备所需的 low power IP set。
Speaker 106:33 - 07:00
Without that, you cannot serve them. It's a service business. It's a trust business. If people want to give you orders to have wafer to come, if the yield not good, they will be close in terms of revenue miss. So with that, I think it's very important to really focus on the yield, the defect density, the cycle time, and then make sure that you're really able to meet and serve the customer in high quality and reliable.
Speaker 106:33 - 07:00
没有这些,你就无法为他们服务。这是一个 service business,也是一个 trust business。如果别人要把 wafer 订单交给你来做,而 yield 不够好,他们在 revenue 上就会非常接近失手。因此,我认为,真正聚焦 yield、defect density、cycle time,然后确保你确实能够以高质量、可靠的方式满足并服务客户,是非常重要的。
Speaker 107:00 - 07:16
And so those are the things that I really focus on it. And eventually, you have to really move into a full stack. So not just a silicon, you need to have a software. And some of the customer asked me, give me the whole rack. So there's a system that you have to build.
Speaker 107:00 - 07:16
所以这些就是我真正关注的事情。最终,你必须真正走向 full stack。不只是 silicon,你还需要 software。还有一些客户会要求我把整个 rack 都交付给他。所以你还必须建设 system。
Speaker 107:16 - 07:33
And so I think those are the things that are quietly building step by step and recruit some of the best talent I can find. By the way, all the recruitment, I do it myself. No search firm helping. And so I think sometimes it's good to have a rode deck that you know who to reach out to call for.
Speaker 107:16 - 07:33
所以我认为,这些事情都是在一步一步、悄悄地搭建起来,同时尽可能招募我能找到的最优秀人才。顺便说一句,所有招聘都是我亲自做的,没有 search firm 帮忙。所以我觉得,有时候拥有一套自己的 rode deck,会让你知道该去联系谁、该给谁打电话。
Speaker 307:33 - 07:38
Yeah. I mean, you've been in the business for so long and, you know, you've you've run Cadence for, I think, twelve years before this. And so
Speaker 307:33 - 07:38
对。我的意思是,你已经在这个行业很多年了,而且在这之前,你执掌 Cadence 我记得有十二年。所以——
Speaker 107:39 - 07:41
Thirteen years. Thirteen years. Sorry. Oh, yeah. Sorry.
Speaker 107:39 - 07:41
十三年。十三年。抱歉。哦,对。抱歉。
Speaker 107:41 - 07:48
Didn't more years as executive chairman. So fifteen years. Fifteen years. So I signed up for three months Three months. So right now, I'd be very careful.
Speaker 107:41 - 07:48
我当 executive chairman 的时间并没有更短。整整十五年。十五年。所以我当时只签了三个月。三个月。所以现在的话,我会非常谨慎。
Speaker 107:48 - 07:52
The moment you said, I'll just do it for three months, it turned out to be fifteen years.
Speaker 107:48 - 07:52
就是在你说“我只做三个月”的那一刻,结果最后变成了十五年。
Speaker 307:53 - 08:06
Yeah. Well, it seems like you have a lot of longevity ahead of you here as well. And so the other big initiative that has been sort of talked about is TeraFab and working with Elon Musk on that. Can you tell us a bit more about how that came together and then your involvement and how you all are collaborating?
Speaker 307:53 - 08:06
是的。不过看起来你在这里似乎也还有很长的发展周期。另一个一直被提到的重要 initiative(举措)是 TeraFab,以及你和 Elon Musk 在这件事上的合作。你能多讲一点这件事是怎么开始的吗?还有你的参与方式,以及你们是如何协作的?
Speaker 108:06 - 08:29
Yeah. Good. I mean, Elon Musk, I think we all agree, is one of the best, if not the best, entrepreneur in this century. He and I, we share the same view that semiconductor infrastructure actually is not catch up with the AI growth. And in terms of you need the capacity, you need to have the productivity, and you have to drive efficiency.
Speaker 108:06 - 08:29
好。我的意思是,我想我们都同意,Elon Musk 是本世纪最优秀的 entrepreneur(企业家)之一,甚至可能就是最优秀的那一个。他和我有一个共同看法:semiconductor infrastructure(半导体基础设施)实际上并没有跟上 AI 增长的步伐。你需要产能,需要生产率,而且还必须推动效率提升。
Speaker 108:30 - 08:51
And so those are the things that he and I, we share that there's something missing. And then secondly, it's just delighted to work with him and he's very, I call it unconventional. And he basically questioned every step and why this traditional way of doing things. And in some ways, it's very refreshing. And I like that.
Speaker 108:30 - 08:51
所以这些就是他和我都认同的点:现在缺了点什么。其次,能和他一起工作我也很高兴,他这个人很——我会称之为 unconventional(不按常规)。他基本上会质疑每一个步骤,质疑为什么事情要用这种传统方式来做。从某种意义上说,这让人耳目一新。我很喜欢这一点。
Speaker 108:51 - 09:05
You know, I like people who have different opinion, and let's work together, find what is the best route, and we both gonna learn a lot together. And then I think clearly he have a vision that his robots and his car, you know, he need a lot of silicon.
Speaker 108:51 - 09:05
你知道,我喜欢有不同意见的人,然后大家一起合作,找到最好的路径,我们双方也都会从中学到很多东西。另外我觉得很明显,他有一个清晰的愿景:无论是他的 robots(机器人)还是他的 car(汽车),都需要大量 silicon(芯片)。
Speaker 309:05 - 09:08
Yeah. Could you actually explain what TeraFab is for people who aren't familiar with it?
Speaker 309:05 - 09:08
好的。你能不能为那些不熟悉 TeraFab 的人解释一下,TeraFab 到底是什么?
Speaker 109:08 - 09:32
Yeah. TeraFab, he decided he want to build his own fab. And then meanwhile, we are delighted to work with him and then make sure that we can work together and enable him to be faster and quicker to the production and then using some of our technology and some of our process. And that's something that we both kind of collaborate together. And he's a very good team that I work with weekly, and it's just refreshing to work with him.
Speaker 109:08 - 09:32
好。TeraFab 是他决定要建自己的 fab(晶圆厂)。与此同时,我们也很高兴能和他合作,确保我们能够一起推进,让他更快进入 production(量产),同时使用我们的一些 technology(技术)和一些 process(工艺)。这基本上就是我们双方合作的内容。我每周都会和他的团队一起工作,他们是一个非常好的团队,和他合作也确实让人耳目一新。
Speaker 309:32 - 09:38
And he's talked about things like he wants you to be able to smoke inside the clean room and all these things that normally are. Asleep.
Speaker 309:32 - 09:38
而且他还谈到过一些事情,比如他希望你能在 clean room 里面抽烟,诸如此类这些通常会……睡着了。
Speaker 109:39 - 09:50
Think I don't go that far. Maybe some part of the clean room, you can do that. But I think something that is an open mind, and then we'll also listen and see whether we can do that. Yeah. I mean,
Speaker 109:39 - 09:50
我觉得我不会走那么远。也许在 clean room 的某些区域,你可以那样做。但我认为重要的是保持开放心态,然后我们也会倾听,看看是否能做到。对。我的意思是,
Speaker 309:50 - 10:21
it's very exciting to see how you're morphing the business here in The US in terms of incrementally building out the Foundry business, in terms of collaborating with things like TeraFab. If you think about the global AI and semiconductor supply chain, so say that you were to look at the changes that AI is driving on a macro basis country by country. And if I look at certain countries, when I look at the layoffs that are claimed from AI, for example, most of them, I think, are overstated right now. You know, most of layoffs are actually just over hiring during 2020 COVID period. COVID period.
Speaker 309:50 - 10:21
很令人兴奋的是,看到你们如何在 The US 这里推动业务转型,比如逐步建立 Foundry 业务,比如与 TeraFab 这样的项目合作。如果你从全球 AI 和半导体供应链的角度来看,假设你要按国家来观察 AI 正在推动的宏观变化。而如果我看某些国家,比如当我看那些声称由 AI 导致的裁员时,我认为其中大多数现在都被夸大了。你知道,大多数裁员其实只是因为在 2020 年 COVID 时期招聘过度。COVID 时期。
Speaker 310:21 - 10:38
But the first things I see actually being cut are outsourced firms, where you'd rather cut external headcount versus internal. So you're cutting external customer support. You're cutting external IT. And that has more of an impact, I think, for certain countries which have big BPOs, The Philippines, India, etcetera. And so they may be impacted in the short run by AI.
Speaker 310:21 - 10:38
但我首先看到真正被削减的,其实是 outsourced firms(外包公司);因为相比内部员工,你往往更愿意先削减外部 headcount(人员编制)。所以你在削减外部 customer support(客户支持),你在削减外部 IT。我认为这对某些拥有大型 BPO(业务流程外包)产业的国家影响更大,比如 The Philippines、India 等等。所以它们在短期内可能会受到 AI 的冲击。
Speaker 310:38 - 10:56
Then And if you ask how do companies participate in the future in a positive way in AI, you have to almost go country by country. Right? Places with cheap energy will do data centers. Places with the ability to train models will train models, but it's probably only The US and one or two other places. How do you think about the the shift in global supply chain for the semiconductor industry?
Speaker 310:38 - 10:56
然后,如果你问企业未来该如何以积极的方式参与 AI,你几乎必须一个国家一个国家地看。对吧?能源便宜的地方会建设 data centers(数据中心)。有能力训练 models(模型)的地方会训练模型,但那大概只会是 The US 和另外一两个地方。你如何看待半导体行业全球供应链的这种转移?
Speaker 310:56 - 11:08
Should certain countries invest more? Like, should Israel be doing more given Melanix and NVIDIA and Intel presence there, and should they try to do more in semiconductors? Should other Should The Philippines move back to more of a manufacturing base? How do
Speaker 310:56 - 11:08
某些国家是否应该加大投资?比如,鉴于那里有 Melanix、NVIDIA 和 Intel 的布局,Israel 是否应该做得更多,并且尝试在半导体方面投入更多?其他国家呢?The Philippines 是否应该重新更多地转向 manufacturing base(制造业基础)?你如何
Speaker 111:08 - 11:18
you think about that on a global basis? Yeah. Good question. So I think, clearly, the AI is changing the whole landscape. And I think the impact will be bigger than internet.
Speaker 111:08 - 11:18
从全球角度思考这个问题?对,这是个好问题。所以我认为,很明显,AI 正在改变整个格局。而且我认为它带来的影响会比 internet 更大。
Speaker 111:18 - 11:49
And it's more profound also. So I think the AI initially is able to help you to do things more efficiently. And then with a lot of agents helping you to do things that is not kind of mundane that you need to do, but now they can give it to you faster. So in some way, I think it can drive a lot of efficiency. Even the semiconductor design, how much you can drive the efficiency in term of timing, how quickly can you come out, and secondly, the cost.
Speaker 111:18 - 11:49
而且这种影响也更深远。所以我认为,AI 在一开始能够帮助你更高效地做事。然后,随着大量 agent(智能代理)帮助你处理那些并不算你必须亲自去做的琐碎事务,它们现在可以更快地把结果交给你。所以在某种程度上,我认为它可以带来大量效率提升。甚至在 semiconductor design(半导体设计)方面,你能把效率提升到什么程度,比如在 timing(时序)上、你能多快推出产品,以及第二点,成本。
Speaker 111:49 - 12:04
And so I think those will be helping you to drive that. And then I think couple of bottlenecks for the AI demand and growth. One is, of course, everybody knows a power constraint. Some country, the power, they just don't have that. It get impacted.
Speaker 111:49 - 12:04
所以我认为,这些都会帮助推动这一点。然后我觉得,AI 需求和增长有几个瓶颈。第一,当然,大家都知道是电力约束。有些国家在电力方面就是不具备这个条件,因此会受到影响。
Speaker 112:04 - 12:37
And then secondly, a lot of people didn't realize the helium impact can be also quite significant for semiconductor. And then thirdly, is everybody know right now memory is a bigger shortage, and everybody try to scramble for memory. And then even though you have to build a fab to capacity increase, it will take couple of years to do that. And same thing for CPU, GPU, and all this will be highly demanded. And I think the also the pricing also go up because we have to pass the price, the cost to the customer.
Speaker 112:04 - 12:37
第二,很多人没有意识到 helium 的影响对 semiconductor(半导体)也可能相当显著。第三,大家现在都知道 memory(内存)是更大的短缺环节,所有人都在争抢内存。即使你要建 fab(晶圆厂)来提升产能,也需要几年的时间才能做到。CPU、GPU 也是一样,所有这些都会处于高需求之中。我认为价格也会上涨,因为我们必须把价格、把成本转嫁给客户。
Speaker 112:37 - 12:40
Mhmm. So I think those will be the impact, the industry growth.
Speaker 112:37 - 12:40
嗯,所以我认为,这些都会对行业增长产生影响。
Speaker 312:40 - 12:40
Mhmm.
Speaker 312:40 - 12:40
嗯。
Speaker 112:40 - 13:08
And then I think overall, I felt that, you know, the company that most impacted is you are not embracing AI. And because AI can help you to drive a lot of efficiency across all the different function of the enterprise. We should embrace and also find a way to better use the AI for your prediction, for your design, for your, you know, all the different part of the workload. And I think that's tremendous.
Speaker 112:40 - 13:08
总体来说,我觉得,受到影响最大的公司,其实是那些没有拥抱 AI 的公司。因为 AI 可以帮助你在企业各个不同职能上提升大量效率。我们应该拥抱它,也要找到更好的方式,把 AI 用在预测、设计,以及你知道的,工作负载的各个不同部分上。我认为这非常了不起。
Speaker 213:08 - 13:34
A number of people would say the simplistic argument against TeraFab, against Intel Foundry being competitive is really a question of, you know, there's all the factors in terms of the building. Right? You describe IP and velocity of just how you're doing business. Then there are external factors. And you know, Elad's talking about a number of them, but one of them is the the cost of labor and actually the manufacturing capacity.
Speaker 213:08 - 13:34
有不少人会说,对 TeraFab、对 Intel Foundry 是否具有竞争力的那种简单化反对意见,归根结底其实是个问题:你知道,这里面有很多与建设相关的因素。对吧?你提到了 IP 和业务运作速度。然后还有外部因素。你知道,Elad 提到了一些,其中之一就是劳动力成本,以及实际上制造产能的问题。
Speaker 213:35 - 13:47
You know, in investing in the foundry business, you obviously believe there's a version where you can manufacture domestically, and Elon does too. Can you talk a little bit about that and how real that constraint is, the labor constraint?
Speaker 213:35 - 13:47
你知道,在投资 foundry(代工)业务时,你显然相信存在这样一种可能:你可以在本土进行制造,Elon 也是这么认为的。你能不能稍微谈谈这一点,以及这种约束——劳动力约束——到底有多现实?
Speaker 113:47 - 13:56
Right. So I think when I decided whether I should double down on foundry or should I get out of foundry, and I
Speaker 113:47 - 13:56
对。所以我想,当我决定我是应该加码 foundry,还是应该退出 foundry 的时候,而我
Speaker 213:56 - 13:58
And there's a lot of voices A lot of voices in
Speaker 213:56 - 13:58
而且有很多声音,很多声音在
Speaker 113:58 - 14:00
the marketplace, as you can tell.
Speaker 113:58 - 14:00
就是这个市场,你也看得出来。
Speaker 214:00 - 14:01
It's very expensive.
Speaker 214:00 - 14:01
这非常昂贵。
Speaker 114:01 - 14:27
Very expensive. Gonna work. It's I finally decided this is very important for United States and also very important for the industry. And I'll give you the idea that we all live through these challenges of supply chain, and it's very important for any of the big company in semiconductor and really have to think about the supply chains. And you have to have a robust and resilient supply chain.
Speaker 114:01 - 14:27
非常昂贵。但值得做。我最终决定,这对 United States 非常重要,对整个行业也非常重要。我想说的是,我们都经历过这些供应链挑战,因此对任何一家大型 semiconductor 公司来说,认真思考供应链都非常重要。而且你必须拥有一个强健且有韧性的供应链。
Speaker 114:27 - 14:56
You cannot just depend on one or two player in different geographical. And so I think more and more people are going to realize making in The United States is critical. And then the most advanced process, like for example, we have the, you know, 14A is like 1.4 nanometer, and we are already starting to plan for one nanometer and 0.7 nanometer. It's getting smaller and smaller. So in a way, it's much like our hair, so thin.
Speaker 114:27 - 14:56
你不能只依赖位于不同 geographic 区域的一两家 player。我认为会有越来越多的人意识到,在 The United States 制造是至关重要的。然后,最先进的制程方面,比如说,我们现在有 14A,也就是大约 1.4 nanometer,而且我们已经开始规划 1 nanometer 和 0.7 nanometer。它会变得越来越小。从某种意义上说,就像我们的头发一样,非常细。
Speaker 114:56 - 15:13
So it's a lot of complexity. It's not that easy to do. And every step, if you make a mistake that you just go down, you know, go down the drain. So in some way, you have to be really precise in that manufacturing. So in some way, this has become more and more going to be the bottleneck.
Speaker 114:56 - 15:13
所以这里面有大量复杂性,并不是那么容易做到。每一个步骤,如果你犯了错,基本上就前功尽弃,等于全都白费了。所以在某种程度上,你在制造过程中必须非常精确。因此从某种意义上说,这会越来越成为 bottleneck(瓶颈)。
Speaker 115:14 - 15:34
So we felt that we have a lot of respect for TSMC. We are a great partner. And then more important, we both need to have more capacity to serve the customer. And so I think we decided by the bullet, longer term, I think, is critical. And then that's where I can create more value for the industry.
Speaker 115:14 - 15:34
所以我们对 TSMC 抱有很大的尊重。我们是很好的合作伙伴。而且更重要的是,我们双方都需要有更多产能来服务客户。所以我认为,我们决定咬牙做下去,从长期来看,这是至关重要的。而这也正是我能够为整个行业创造更多价值的地方。
Speaker 115:34 - 15:35
People have been
Speaker 115:34 - 15:35
人们一直都在
Speaker 315:35 - 15:47
talking for a long time about eventually hitting a point of resolution where you can't really miniaturize things further. Like, the line width just gets too small to be able to keep going. When do you
Speaker 315:35 - 15:47
谈论一个问题很久了:最终会不会达到某种分辨率极限,以至于你实际上无法再进一步把东西微型化。比如说,线宽会小到无法继续推进。你觉得什么时候会】
Speaker 115:47 - 16:15
think we actually hit that limit? Good question. So I think I can see, right now we have 18A, and then now going to production of 14A, I can see ten and seven. And so I think that path, I think we can get there, but couldn't it be more and more expensive and more difficult to do, and that's why we need partners. We cannot just do it ourselves alone, partner with a subscript vendor, partner with equipment vendors so that make sure that we can really drive those yield and performance.
Speaker 115:47 - 16:15
你觉得我们真的碰到那个极限了吗?这是个好问题。所以我想我大概能看到这条路径:现在我们有 18A,而 14A 也正在走向量产,我还能看到 ten 和 seven。所以我认为这条路线是能走到的,但它会不会变得越来越贵、越来越难做?这也正是为什么我们需要合作伙伴。我们不能只靠自己单干,而是要和 substrate vendor 合作,也要和 equipment vendors 合作,这样才能确保我们真正把 yield(良率)和 performance(性能)做上去。
Speaker 116:15 - 16:37
Yeah. And then the other part also really become the bottleneck is packaging, the advanced packaging. And so we all know about cohort by TSMC. Now we have a really good one called EMIP tea that is really next generation. I had to make sure that you become able to do in the production yield that meet the customer requirement.
Speaker 116:15 - 16:37
对。另一个真正开始成为瓶颈的部分是 packaging,尤其是 advanced packaging(先进封装)。我们都知道 TSMC 的 CoWoS。现在我们也有一个非常好的方案,叫 EMIB,它确实是下一代技术。我必须确保的是,它在量产时能够做到满足客户要求的生产 yield。
Speaker 116:38 - 17:02
And now CMOS starting to run out of steam like you described. So right now, I also look at some new materials, so it become, going back to the material size or the chemical table. So gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and indium phosphide. So I invest in all three, and then looking at some of this new material, how can we really drive that? And then in terms of packaging, I starting to invest into glass.
Speaker 116:38 - 17:02
现在就像你说的那样,CMOS 开始有点后劲不足了。所以我现在也在看一些新材料,这就又回到了材料科学,或者说化学元素周期表。比如 gallium nitride、silicon carbide,还有 indium phosphide。这三种我都投了,也在思考如何真正把这些新材料推动起来。然后在 packaging 方面,我也开始投资 glass。
Speaker 117:02 - 17:34
Glass is a very good heat insulator. So I invest a venture site called 3DGS, then I realized that Intel, we have like 1,000 pattern on the module. So how the, you know, subscript and the module put it together, and then we just announced a big program with Indian government to manufacturing in in India, plus in US and New Mexico. So I think this advanced packaging, very important. I also starting to look at artificial diamond, and that's another very good insulator.
Speaker 117:02 - 17:34
Glass 是一种非常好的隔热材料。所以我投了一家 venture,叫 3D Glass Solutions,后来我也意识到 Intel 在 module 方面大概有 1,000 项 patent。所以 substrate 和 module 要怎么把它们整合在一起,这很关键。然后我们刚刚还宣布了一个和 Indian government 的大型项目,要在 India 制造,另外也会在 US 和 New Mexico 推进。所以我认为 advanced packaging 非常重要。我也开始看 artificial diamond,这也是另一种非常好的绝缘材料。
Speaker 117:34 - 18:12
So I also invest into diamond foundry, and that's something is a next generation to look at. So new material, new subscript material, and new design methodology to drive that. So one thing good about being an engineer is you're always hitting the wall, then you find a way to either jump over the wall or you work around the wall, and then to get to the better result. And that's what I have been long time as an investor and building semiconductor from the EDA tool to design to manufacturing. It's kind of nice to have that experience.
Speaker 117:34 - 18:12
所以我也投资了 Diamond Foundry,这也是值得关注的下一代方向。也就是新材料、新的 substrate 材料,以及新的 design methodology,来推动这一切。做工程师有一点很棒,就是你总会撞墙,但撞墙之后你会想办法要么翻过去,要么绕过去,最终拿到更好的结果。这也是我长期以来作为 investor,以及从 EDA tool 到 design 再到 manufacturing 构建 semiconductor 过程中的一路经历。能有这样的经验,挺好的。
Speaker 118:12 - 18:16
Now I can help find a way to make a small contribution to the industry. Yeah, and
Speaker 118:12 - 18:16
现在我可以帮忙找到一些办法,为这个行业做一点小小的贡献。对,然后——
Speaker 318:16 - 18:26
I mean, it's very exciting. And one of the reasons I'm asking about it as well is, to your point, there's always some things that you can vent around, but there are also physical limits where once you hit seven angstroms or whatever the limitation is, you start to run into
Speaker 318:16 - 18:26
我的意思是,这真的非常令人兴奋。我之所以也会问这个问题,其中一个原因就是,正如你所说,总会有一些东西是你可以设法绕过去的,但也确实存在物理极限,一旦你到了 seven angstroms,或者不管那个极限具体是什么,你就会开始遇到——
Speaker 118:27 - 18:28
New material. Yeah. You need to
Speaker 118:27 - 18:28
新材料。对。你需要——
Speaker 318:28 - 18:45
find new materials or find other workarounds. Yes. And then the interesting question is, and we've been talking about this for a long time. I remember twenty years ago, people were talking about how we'd eventually hit a point where we ran out of space on this, is do you run into some sort of asymptote that actually normalizes performance across different foundries or not? Yeah, good question.
Speaker 318:28 - 18:45
去寻找新材料,或者寻找其他变通办法。是的。接下来有个很有意思的问题,我们其实已经讨论很久了。我记得二十年前,人们就在谈,最终我们会走到一个在这方面空间耗尽的点:你是否会碰到某种渐近上限(asymptote),从而实际上让不同 foundries(晶圆代工厂)之间的性能趋于一致,还是不会?是的,这是个好问题。
Speaker 318:45 - 18:50
In terms of Moore's law, you say double and then
Speaker 318:45 - 18:50
就 Moore's law(摩尔定律)而言,你说的是翻倍,然后——
Speaker 118:50 - 19:05
the power and the cost. And then you can double the performance, but you cannot double down on the cost area. So those are the things you have to give way unless you find some new way of material,
Speaker 118:50 - 19:05
还有功耗和成本。这样一来,你可以把性能翻倍,但你不可能把成本和面积也一起翻倍投入下去。所以这些方面你就必须做出让步,除非你能找到某种新的材料方法,
Speaker 319:05 - 19:06
new way of design,
Speaker 319:05 - 19:06
新的设计方法,
Speaker 119:07 - 19:28
that become material science, I starting to hire more people in the material science. So that is kind of innovation in our area. How can we do that? And I still remember eighteen years ago, and I I still investing in semiconductor. And, actually, most of the VC firm, some of them are very nice tier one venture firm, a good friend of mine.
Speaker 119:07 - 19:28
那就会进入 material science(材料科学)的范畴,所以我开始招聘更多做 material science 的人。这某种程度上就是我们这个领域里的创新。我们怎么做到这一点?我仍然记得十八年前,那时我还在投资 semiconductor(半导体)。实际上,大多数 VC firm(风投机构),其中有些还是非常优秀的一线 venture firm(风险投资机构),有一位还是我的好朋友。
Speaker 119:28 - 19:50
And I initially the partners meeting, the whole partners in the room. Then after I talking about semiconductor, half make excuse to run out the room. Then eventually, the other half, they said, available, do you have any software service? So then they even left with only two sympathetically listen to me. So it's kind of the history have changed.
Speaker 119:28 - 19:50
一开始是在 partners meeting(合伙人会议)上,所有合伙人都在房间里。然后等我开始讲 semiconductor,里面有一半人找借口跑出了房间。最后,剩下的另一半又说,哎,你有没有什么 software service(软件服务)项目?于是他们也走了,最后只剩下两个人出于同情在听我讲。所以某种意义上,历史已经变了。
Speaker 119:50 - 20:32
And now semiconductor, if you look at it, Jensen is a 5,300,000,000,000 market cap company, and then Broadcom and TSMC is 2,000,000,000,000 market cap company, and Lisa Su, my good friend at AMD, is almost $800,000,000,000 and I'm close to $600,000,000,000 So in some ways, kind of semiconductor become hot again, and it become essential because fifteen years, twenty years ago, when I invest in semiconductor, no VC want to join me except some of the big corporations like Samsung, ARM and SoftBank and others, and investing with me. And then now I'm starting to see a lot of VC like to come investing in semi, so I'm very happy. Given
Speaker 119:50 - 20:32
而现在再看 semiconductor,如果你看,Jensen 代表的是一家市值 5,300,000,000,000 的公司,然后 Broadcom 和 TSMC 都是市值 2,000,000,000,000 的公司,而我的好朋友 Lisa Su 在 AMD,市值也快到 $800,000,000,000 了,我这边也接近 $600,000,000,000。所以从某种角度看,semiconductor 又重新火起来了,而且它变得至关重要,因为在十五年、二十年前,当我投资 semiconductor 的时候,几乎没有 VC 愿意跟我一起投,除了 Samsung、ARM、SoftBank 以及其他一些大公司会跟我一起投资。现在我开始看到很多 VC 都喜欢来投资 semi(半导体)了,所以我非常高兴。考虑到——
Speaker 220:33 - 20:51
the enormous interest in investing in this area that used to be considered too hard. Right? Yes. What do you think I mean, you've been a venture investor with Walden for a very long time as well as an operator. You know, the general fears I'm just gonna list a bunch of them.
Speaker 220:33 - 20:51
——这个领域现在吸引了巨大的投资兴趣,而它过去一度被认为太难了。对吧?是的。你怎么看?我的意思是,你作为 Walden 的 venture investor(风险投资人)已经很多年了,同时你也是一位 operator(运营者)。你知道,大家普遍的担忧——我就先列出一大堆。
Speaker 220:51 - 21:13
The general fears have been it's very capital intensive, and you should tell me what I'm missing. It's very unpredictable in terms of, you know, shipping a design that works missing tape out. And you need to understand the workload very well. I think there's another, which is just like it's very high risk for the customer to switch. Right?
Speaker 220:51 - 21:13
人们普遍担心的是,这件事非常资本密集(capital intensive),如果我漏掉了什么,你可以指出来。还有很大的不可预测性,比如你做出一个能工作的设计、顺利完成 tape out(流片)这件事本身就充满不确定性。而且你还需要非常了解 workload(工作负载)。我觉得还有一点,就是客户切换方案的风险非常高。对吧?
Speaker 221:13 - 21:53
Think, you know, we've been involved in companies together where, you know, there's a design win, and then there's still the question of like scaling order volume. And then there's a cyclicality, right, of, you know, you build hard manufacturing capacity and demand may change or not in any given year. What is your view on how a bunch of, you know, what makes it hard as an industry and then the secular demand growth from a bunch of different areas, right? So you have the recognition of how important a more diverse supply chain is. And then you have this like explosive demand growth on the AI side.
Speaker 221:13 - 21:53
你想,我们曾一起参与过一些公司,在那里即使拿到了 design win(设计导入/中标),后面仍然还有订单量能否规模化的问题。然后这个行业还有周期性,对吧?你建设了重资产的制造产能,但某一年的需求可能会变,也可能不会变。你怎么看这些问题——也就是,作为一个行业,究竟是什么让它这么难;同时又有来自很多不同领域的长期需求增长(secular demand growth),对吧?比如,大家已经认识到更多元化供应链有多重要。然后在 AI 这一边,又出现了这种爆炸式的需求增长。
Speaker 221:53 - 22:20
How do you you're still an investor, and then you're making the biggest bet ever. Like, go be CEO. How do you, like, think about these different risks and advise others about where to invest in this supply chain? I realize that's a very large question, but just given your history with it, I think there's a lot of like YOLO action of like, there's a memory shortage. Buy memory stocks as well as just an unwillingness to take on things that have a ten year timeline, like material science.
Speaker 221:53 - 22:20
你现在仍然是投资人,同时又在做自己有史以来最大的一次下注——亲自去当 CEO。你会怎么思考这些不同的风险?又会如何建议别人,在这条供应链里应该投什么?我知道这是个非常大的问题,但考虑到你在这方面的经历,我觉得现在市场上既有很多那种 YOLO 式的操作——比如“存储短缺了,那就去买 memory 股票”——也有一种不愿意去碰那些周期长达十年的事情,比如 material science(材料科学)。
Speaker 122:20 - 22:37
Good. You have quite a broad range of questions. Let me try to explain that. So first of all, I think the venture capital startup is in my blood, and I really enjoy it. And so I think this is not time to brag about it.
Speaker 122:20 - 22:37
很好。你的问题覆盖面相当广。我尽量解释一下。首先,我觉得 venture capital(风险投资)和 startup(创业公司)这件事已经融在我的血液里了,我也确实非常享受它。所以我想,现在不是拿这些来夸耀的时候。
Speaker 122:38 - 22:57
And so there's some good exit. I still have 159 IPO, 01/2026 ms and A, and that includes semiconductor. Just break down to semiconductor, I invest over the years February is in US. So what I usually look at some macro
Speaker 122:38 - 22:57
所以也有一些不错的 exit(退出)。我到现在仍然有 159 IPO,01/2026 ms and A,这里面也包括半导体。单说半导体的话,这些年来我在美国投了很多。于是我通常会先看一些 macro(宏观层面)的东西。
Speaker 222:57 - 22:59
Just to be clear, that's incredible.
Speaker 222:57 - 22:59
先说明一下,这真的很了不起。
Speaker 123:00 - 23:11
Thank you. Thank you. I just enjoy building it. But more important, I will look at this, first of all, on the investment side, I always look at where is the bottleneck? What are you trying to solve?
Speaker 123:00 - 23:11
谢谢,谢谢。我只是很享受把事情建起来。但更重要的是,我会这样看:首先,在投资这件事上,我总是先看 bottleneck(瓶颈)在哪里?你到底想解决什么问题?
Speaker 123:11 - 23:32
For example, I invest in a company called Cradle Semiconductor, Australia Lab. Is this interconnect become the bottleneck? So I decided to back and also back Celestial AI in the optical side. And then because speed become more important in the interconnect, in the cluster, so I think optical become very important. Look at Jensen.
Speaker 123:11 - 23:32
例如,我投资了一家叫 Cradle Semiconductor 的公司,Australia Lab。这里的 interconnect(互连)是不是已经成了瓶颈?所以我决定支持它,同时也支持光学方向上的 Celestial AI。然后,因为 speed(速度)在 interconnect、在 cluster(集群)里变得越来越重要,所以我认为 optical(光学)会变得非常重要。看看 Jensen。
Speaker 123:32 - 24:00
He invest in almost every company is photonic related. And then the other part I'm looking at is, okay, what are the solution that need? Like, for example, we talk about design and then the complexity and also the cost. Can you find some using AI machine learning to drive a better design and better solution. So a couple of new startup actually go into the EDA related area to drive performance improvement.
Speaker 123:32 - 24:00
他几乎投资了所有与 photonic(光子)相关的公司。然后我在看的另一部分是,好,真正需要哪些解决方案?比如说,我们谈到 design(设计),以及复杂性和成本。你能不能用 AI、machine learning(机器学习)来推动更好的设计和更好的解决方案?所以有几家新的 startup(初创公司)实际上进入了与 EDA 相关的领域,以推动性能提升。
Speaker 124:00 - 24:26
I think it's a gold mine to do that. And then the other part, you look at the new material. We talk about this indium phosphide. That's why I invested in INFI, and then Val bought it. And then you invest into some of the new material, the gallium nitride and the silicon carbide, and then some of the companies starting to being acquired, include one of them doing power management, and ADI is a sport called mPower.
Speaker 124:00 - 24:26
我觉得这是一座金矿。然后另一部分是,你再看新材料。我们谈到 indium phosphide,这就是为什么我投资了 INFI,后来 Val 把它买下了。然后你再去投资一些新材料,比如 gallium nitride 和 silicon carbide,接着一些公司也开始被收购,其中包括一家做 power management(电源管理)的公司,而 ADI 有一个项目叫 mPower。
Speaker 124:27 - 24:49
And so again, this IVR, that's a very, very good area in power management become bottleneck now in term of converting from 40 volt down to one volt. And then those in term of that conversion, you lost a lot of power. And how you do it through the power improvement? So I think power, thermal, those become the bottleneck. So I think I always look at from what is the problem we try to solve?
Speaker 124:27 - 24:49
所以再说回这个 IVR,这是一个非常、非常好的方向。power management 现在正成为瓶颈,尤其是在把 40 volt 转换到 1 volt 这件事上。而在这种转换过程中,你会损失很多 power(功率/电力)。那么你要怎么通过 power improvement(电源效率提升)来解决?所以我认为,power、thermal(散热/热管理)这些正在成为瓶颈。因此我一直会从“我们到底在试图解决什么问题”这个角度来看。
Speaker 124:49 - 25:02
Is it real? Is customer crying for it? And then I starting to invest. The next thing is look at it's very important from day one, you'd have to target the first customer. And usually, I like the customer is hyperscale.
Speaker 124:49 - 25:02
这是不是一个真实的问题?客户是否真的为此着急?然后我才开始投资。下一件事是,要看得非常清楚:从第一天开始,你就必须锁定第一个客户。通常我喜欢的客户是 hyperscale(超大规模客户)。
Speaker 125:02 - 25:33
They have the scale. If they like what you have, they're willing to pay millions of dollars next few years, and even giving some warrant is worth it because you have a big one customer you can scale. So I always look at some of the formula, how do you do that, and then where do you get the talent? And then, yeah, you know, sometimes it's very important to find the talent. That's why I'm really interested in US, and then Silicon Valley, and then some Austin, and then the other part is Israel.
Speaker 125:02 - 25:33
他们有规模。如果他们喜欢你的东西,未来几年他们愿意支付数百万美元,甚至给一些 warrant(认股权/权证)也是值得的,因为你有了一个大客户,就可以把规模做起来。所以我总是在看其中的一些公式:你要怎么做到这一点?然后你从哪里获得 talent(人才)?而且,是的,你知道,有时候找到人才非常重要。这也是为什么我对 US、Silicon Valley、Austin,以及另一部分的 Israel 真的很感兴趣。
Speaker 125:33 - 25:51
A lot of talent. So I backed quite a few, quite a significant amount of my investment in Israel. And then because they have very disruptive, innovative entrepreneur, They work really hard. Even in this war time, they still have conference call. And sometimes they say, okay, there's a warning.
Speaker 125:33 - 25:51
那里有很多人才。所以我支持了相当多家,也就是我有相当大一部分投资都投在了 Israel。因为他们有非常 disruptive(颠覆式)、创新型的 entrepreneur(创业者),他们工作非常努力。即使在战争时期,他们仍然会开 conference call(电话会议)。有时候他们会说,好,警报响了。
Speaker 125:51 - 26:00
I have to go to underground. And then the internet may not be good. Maybe we just use voice. In some ways, it's kind of fun. They're kind of resilient entrepreneurship I really enjoy.
Speaker 125:51 - 26:00
我得去地下室了。然后 internet(网络)可能不太好,也许我们只能用语音。在某种程度上,这还挺有意思的。他们那种很有韧性的 entrepreneurship(创业精神)是我非常喜欢的。
Speaker 126:00 - 26:26
So I think all in all, I felt that there's a lot of opportunity, and especially in the AI. And right now, beside the agentic AI, now you're looking at physical AI. It makes a mixed big frontier. And then you had to really look at a full stack. That's why I'm still involved with a lot of this frontier model that we very familiar and some of the investment I've made because I really like open source frontier, you know, technology for physical AI.
Speaker 126:00 - 26:26
所以总的来说,我觉得机会非常多,尤其是在 AI 方面。而现在,除了 agentic AI(代理式 AI)之外,你还在看到 physical AI(物理 AI)。这形成了一个非常大的前沿领域。然后你必须真正去看 full stack(全栈)。这也是为什么我仍然参与很多我们非常熟悉的 frontier model(前沿模型)以及我所做的一些投资,因为我真的很喜欢面向 physical AI 的 open source frontier(开源前沿)技术。
Speaker 126:26 - 26:27
I think that's a gold mine.
Speaker 126:26 - 26:27
我觉得那是一座金矿。
Speaker 226:27 - 26:44
You mentioned the opportunity to make certain parts of the design and test of chips faster, cheaper, more creative with AI. Given your Cadence experience, like, do you think is most fertile? Is there anything you think is already working?
Speaker 226:27 - 26:44
你提到过,有机会用 AI 让 chips 的某些设计和测试环节变得更快、更便宜、更有创造力。考虑到你在 Cadence 的经验,你觉得哪里最有潜力?有没有什么是你认为已经开始奏效的?
Speaker 126:45 - 27:07
Yeah. I think, you know, for almost fifteen years with Cadence, and I'm so happy. One of my highlight is able to find my successor, Underwood, and I train him, and he becomes super great CEO. And then he really embracing the AI, driving the agentic AI to drive more efficient. But there's a good part, I think synopsis.
Speaker 126:45 - 27:07
对。我想,你知道,我在 Cadence 待了将近十五年,我非常开心。我职业生涯中的一个高光时刻,就是能够找到我的接班人 Underwood,并且我亲自培养了他,后来他成为了一位非常出色的 CEO。然后他也确实在拥抱 AI,用 agentic AI 来推动更高的效率。不过我觉得,Synopsys 这边也有做得不错的部分。
Speaker 127:07 - 27:38
Sachin also tried to do that, and they have an investment from Nvidia, 2,000,000,000, I think helping him to do a lot. And he acquired Ansys to move into the whole system design. So I think all in all, they all do the best thing they can, but also some opportunity for startup to do some of the more disruptive. And then eventually, they can either go public or being acquired by both of them or Siemens to acquire them. So I think there's opportunity for all, depending on what the entrepreneurial vision.
Speaker 127:07 - 27:38
Sachin 也在尝试这么做,而且他们还拿到了 Nvidia 的投资,我想是 2,000,000,000,这对他做很多事情都有帮助。他还收购了 Ansys,以进入整个系统设计领域。所以总的来说,我觉得他们都在尽其所能做到最好,但与此同时,也存在一些机会,让 startup 去做一些更具颠覆性的事情。最终,这些公司要么可以上市,要么被他们两家中的任何一家,或者被 Siemens 收购。所以我认为,大家都有机会,取决于创业者的愿景是什么。
Speaker 127:38 - 27:52
And then as long as I always have philosophy. If entrepreneur want to sell the company, and there's quicker way for exit, you don't have to lock up. You don't have to worry about quarter to quarter earning. And then some entrepreneur, from day one,
Speaker 127:38 - 27:52
另外,我一直有一个理念:如果创业者想卖掉公司,而那样是更快的退出方式,那你就不必被锁住,不必担心每个季度的 earnings(财报表现)。还有一些创业者,从第一天开始,
Speaker 327:52 - 28:19
they want to go IPO. For being a VC, I think three of you, with three of us, we all VC, we support the entrepreneur, their dream, and then help them to fulfill their dream. Yeah. If you look at the different areas that you mentioned in terms of future, either product development or impact of AI on the semiconductor industry, there's companies like Periodic doing materials. There's, to your point, folks working on the EDA side and design and other aspects and sort of throughout the chain as manufacturing.
Speaker 327:52 - 28:19
他们就想去 IPO。作为 VC,我想你们三位,加上我们三位,我们都是 VC,我们会支持创业者、支持他们的梦想,并帮助他们实现梦想。对。如果看你刚才提到的那些未来方向,不管是产品开发,还是 AI 对 semiconductor industry 的影响,都有像 Periodic 这样做材料的公司。也有像你说的那些人在做 EDA 这一侧、设计以及其他方面,还有贯穿整条链条、包括制造环节的各种公司。
Speaker 328:20 - 28:28
Do you think that either Intel or a future semiconductor company ten years from now looks radically different from today, given AI? And if so, how?
Speaker 328:20 - 28:28
你觉得,在 AI 的影响下,十年后的 Intel 或者未来的某家 semiconductor 公司,会不会和今天相比呈现出根本性的不同?如果会,会怎么不同?
Speaker 128:28 - 28:45
Yeah. I think so. I think, first of all, back to, Sarah, your question about capital intensive and a little bit unpredictable and cyclical. So you have to kind of put that into factor into your decision making investment. And I usually like to go in very early, put a team together.
Speaker 128:28 - 28:45
对,我觉得会。首先,回到 Sarah,你关于 capital intensive(资本密集)、以及有点不可预测和周期性的问题。所以你必须把这些因素纳入你的投资决策中。我通常喜欢非常早期就进入,把团队组建起来。
Speaker 128:45 - 28:59
It's kind of fun to do that. I think you also do that. And then secondly, you try to find the right investor that can co partner with you. It's not just whatever the brand name firm. I usually go for the individual.
Speaker 128:45 - 28:59
这么做挺有意思的。我觉得你也会这么做。第二点,是要找到能与你共同合作的合适投资人。不只是随便找一家有品牌名气的 firm(机构),我通常更看重具体的个人。
Speaker 128:59 - 29:23
And then who are the individual that really knowledgeable in this space, you can The most important to find a partner to difficult time and good time. A lot of the time people are very enjoyable working with you is a good time. When the company don't trouble, they just walk away. I like to have partner that really work through a lot of successful company. They have multiple time almost bankrupt that eventually take off.
Speaker 128:59 - 29:23
然后要看,哪些个人在这个领域里真的很有见识。最重要的是找到一个无论艰难时期还是顺利时期都能并肩作战的 partner(伙伴)。很多时候,在公司一切顺利时,人们都很乐意和你合作;但当公司遇到麻烦,他们就转身离开了。我喜欢那种真正经历过很多成功公司的 partner。他们往往都经历过多次几乎破产,最后才真正起飞。
Speaker 129:23 - 29:51
So I think it's important to find a partner willing to do that. And then the other part is look at what are the strategic investor that can help you either in manufacturing or memory connectivity or various way to add value to the company. And also have a couple of friends that are in the growth stage and also in the hedge fund, and I really enjoy them because they have a different perspective. They know about the public market. They can guide the company entrepreneur where not to go.
Speaker 129:23 - 29:51
所以我认为,找到愿意这样做的 partner 很重要。另一部分则是看,哪些 strategic investor(战略投资人)能在 manufacturing(制造)、memory connectivity(内存互连)或其他方面帮助你,为公司增加价值。另外,我也有一些处于 growth stage(成长期)和 hedge fund(对冲基金)领域的朋友,我很喜欢和他们交流,因为他们有不同的视角。他们了解 public market(公开市场),能指导创业者哪些路不要走。
Speaker 129:52 - 30:19
And so those can be very helpful. So I think all in all, I think it's just fun to do that, and then just realize is that engineering for startup is like problem solving. Each step of the way, you have to find people to help you to solve the problem. And then if you trigger that, then great, next frontier to work on. And then frankly speaking, I look back, nine of the 10 company I invest, halfway, they change their business plan because market have changed.
Speaker 129:52 - 30:19
所以这些都会非常有帮助。总的来说,我觉得这件事本身就很有意思。你也要意识到,startup(初创公司)的工程过程就像解决问题。一路走来,每一步你都得找到能帮你解决问题的人。你解决了这个问题,那很好,接着就去攻克下一个 frontier(前沿)。坦白说,回头看我投资的十家公司里,有九家在中途都改了 business plan(商业计划),因为市场变了。
Speaker 130:19 - 30:32
Yeah. So I like to have entrepreneur as team, not just one person. Secondly, open mind. Willing to listen and listen to getting coaching from us. And then eventually they formulate their own plan.
Speaker 130:19 - 30:32
对。所以我喜欢 entrepreneur(创业者)是一个团队,而不只是一个人。第二,要有 open mind(开放心态),愿意倾听,也愿意接受我们的 coaching(辅导)。然后最终由他们自己形成自己的计划。
Speaker 130:32 - 30:57
It's not just do what they want, it's more they figure out, the best thing is you give them enough feedback, they draw their own conclusion that you exactly what you like and all different, that you can embrace is the right decision. That's kind of fun of doing startup. They get much faster. So back to your question, if you look at it ten years from now, what will be the winning company? This is just my personal view.
Speaker 130:32 - 30:57
不是说他们只做自己想做的事,而是他们要自己想明白。最好的情况是,你给他们足够多的反馈,他们自己得出结论,而那个结论恰好就是你想看到的;同时,不同的意见他们也都能接纳,并作出正确决定。这就是做 startup 的乐趣之一。他们成长得快得多。回到你的问题,如果把时间拉到十年后,什么样的公司会赢?这只是我个人的看法。
Speaker 130:58 - 31:28
The one that articulate and laser focus on one niche area and also find the right partner and also able to scale the company. And so in some way, and back to my point about full stack, so in the way you need to have a full stack solution. And so it can be a big company, they transform themselves to be looking at big platform, like Jensen, I admire him. You know, he focused on CUDA. He focused on Illipro.
Speaker 130:58 - 31:28
会胜出的,是那种能清楚表达自己、并且对某一个细分领域保持 laser focus(高度聚焦)的公司,同时还能找到合适的 partner,并且有能力把公司 scale(规模化)起来。所以从某种意义上说,也回到我刚才关于 full stack(全栈)的观点:你需要有一个 full stack solution(全栈解决方案)。这可以是大公司完成自我转型,朝大平台方向发展;像 Jensen,我很佩服他。你知道,他专注于 CUDA。他专注于 Illipro。
Speaker 131:28 - 31:47
I want to be a platform company. And he did it. And so in some way, you can do that. Or startup company like Anthropic, OpenAI, they find a way to do it in a bit more elegant way. They change the game, and then it startup move fast, speed of light, you can really become a dominant player.
Speaker 131:28 - 31:47
我想成为一家平台型公司。而他做到了。所以从某种意义上说,你可以这样做。或者像 Anthropic、OpenAI 这样的 startup,也找到了办法,而且方式更优雅一些。他们改变了游戏规则,而 startup 行动极快,快得像光速一样,你就真的有机会成为一个 dominant player(主导者)。
Speaker 131:47 - 32:03
And hopefully Intel can play the role because we have the XPU, and we have the advanced packaging, and we have Foundry. If you put that all together, can build some of the purpose built silicon for different workload. I think that's where I'm going.
Speaker 131:47 - 32:03
我希望 Intel 能扮演这个角色,因为我们有 XPU,也有先进封装(advanced packaging),还有 Foundry。把这些整合起来,就能为不同 workload 构建一些专用的 silicon。我觉得这就是我要去的方向。
Speaker 332:03 - 32:25
Yeah. That makes a lot of sense. And I guess part of the question I was I was wondering is where you're going, and then the other part is, does it fundamentally change how you work? Because when I look in the software world, I think there's a very big shift happening right now in terms of who you hire, in terms of who you think you want on board, in terms of people managing multiple agents. And so many people now that I know are hiring people more in their thirties, forties, fifties because they're used to managing teams.
Speaker 332:03 - 32:25
对,这很有道理。我想我当时问题的一部分是在想你的方向是什么,另一部分则是,这是否会从根本上改变你的工作方式?因为当我看软件世界时,我觉得现在正在发生一个非常大的转变:你会雇用谁,你希望谁加入团队,以及人们如何管理多个 agent。现在我认识的很多人都更倾向于雇用三四十岁、四五十岁的人,因为他们习惯于管理团队。
Speaker 332:25 - 32:55
And I think that transfers directly over to managing agents in terms of understanding the complexity of what to set up and the QA and everything else. And I wonder in the context of the physical world or in the context of a FAB, how you think about shifts in terms of either a team structure or capabilities or how AI layers on. And so I just wasn't sure if it's a natural slow evolution or if there's areas where there's a radical shift where it's like, oh, for materials, now we should just use these three AA models plus some chemistry or whatever it is. So that's why I was a little bit curious about
Speaker 332:25 - 32:55
我觉得这一点可以直接迁移到 agent 管理上,也就是理解该如何搭建系统、如何做 QA,以及其他一切相关工作。所以我在想,在物理世界的语境里,或者在 FAB 的语境里,你如何看待这种变化——无论是团队结构、能力要求,还是 AI 如何叠加进去。因此我不太确定,这会是一种自然缓慢的演进,还是说某些领域会出现激进的转变,比如会变成“哦,在材料方面,我们现在就应该直接用这三个 AA 模型,再加上一些 chemistry,或者类似的东西”。所以这也是我有点好奇的地方:
Speaker 132:56 - 32:56
how you
Speaker 132:56 - 32:56
你如何
Speaker 332:56 - 32:57
think about the future world there.
Speaker 332:56 - 32:57
看待那里的未来世界。
Speaker 132:57 - 33:23
Good question. I think, you know, as I back to that crawl, walk, and run. So I think crawl, you basically try to I recruit some of the best talent in the semiconductor industry. And then now I'm starting to look at what are the software talent I need to bring on board and in order to build a full stack. And now I'm starting to look at, you know, my average age of my team in the 40 40, 50.
Speaker 132:57 - 33:23
这是个好问题。我想,回到我刚才说的 crawl、walk 和 run 这个过程。所以我觉得在 crawl 阶段,你基本上会先去招募半导体行业里最优秀的一些人才。然后现在我开始看,为了构建 full stack,我还需要引进哪些软件人才。而且现在我也开始注意到,我团队的平均年龄大概在 40、50 岁这个区间。
Speaker 133:23 - 33:30
I need to bring in some new talent. And then so they're understanding the workload, understanding the frontier model, open source.
Speaker 133:23 - 33:30
我需要引入一些新的人才。这样他们才能理解 workload、理解 frontier model,以及 open source。
Speaker 333:30 - 33:31
Mhmm.
Speaker 333:30 - 33:31
嗯。
Speaker 133:31 - 33:39
That is important. So for now, then my son become my teacher now. Mhmm. Every time he invite me to go to his house, we're playing to grandkids. Mhmm.
Speaker 133:31 - 33:39
这很重要。所以现在,我儿子反倒成了我的老师。嗯。每次他邀请我去他家时,我们就是陪孙辈们玩。嗯。
Speaker 133:39 - 33:56
I starting to tap on him on all the AI machine learning. He's more plug in than me. So I learned a lot and then try to understand investing and then bring some of the talent to come in. So we are changing Intel. Used to be a very old legacy spreadsheet company.
Speaker 133:39 - 33:56
我开始在所有 AI 和 machine learning(机器学习)方面向他取经。他比我更懂、更投入。所以我学到了很多,然后也开始尝试理解投资,再把一些人才带进来。所以我们正在改变 Intel。它过去是一家非常老派、带有 legacy(遗留)色彩的 spreadsheet(电子表格)公司。
Speaker 133:56 - 34:31
Now I transform it to become AI nine AI enabled using some of our design and also across all the engine all the organization embracing AI. And then so they become less less depend on the spreadsheet and label to do that, and you're gonna combine the two talent plus the best AI tool that I can use, not only for my organization, not only for my sales. And then now I starting to look at not just marketing, and now the design, and then to embrace that.
Speaker 133:56 - 34:31
现在我在推动转型,让它变成 AI native、AI enabled(AI 赋能)的公司,利用我们的一些设计能力,并且让所有 engine(引擎)、整个组织都拥抱 AI。这样一来,他们就会越来越少依赖 spreadsheet,也更有能力去做到这一点。然后你要把这两类人才与我能使用的最好 AI tool(工具)结合起来,不只是服务我的组织,不只是服务我的销售。现在我也开始看,不只是 marketing(市场营销),还有 design(设计),都要去拥抱这一点。
Speaker 234:31 - 35:15
I think a lot of investors, you know, at least for me the last few years since I started a firm, it's been very educational thinking about the different capital sources for more capital intensive companies. I did a lot of software before. So your need to have smart friends with a very different stance and balance sheet was less if you're like, Ah, I need $150,000,000 before this thing gets to, you know, some critical mass. So you've lived that for a very long time, and then you have the unique experience of working with the government as a large stakeholder. How do you think this sort of industrial policy, it's led to huge successes like TSMC, right?
Speaker 234:31 - 35:15
我认为很多投资人,至少对我来说,自从几年前我创办了一家 firm(公司)以来,思考那些更 capital intensive(资本密集型)公司的不同资本来源,一直是个很有教育意义的过程。我以前做了很多 software(软件)方面的事。所以,如果你想的是“啊,在这件事做到某种 critical mass(关键规模)之前,我需要 150,000,000 美元”,那你对拥有聪明朋友、而且他们背后有非常不同立场和 balance sheet(资产负债表)支持的需求,就和做 software 时很不一样了。你已经长期生活在这种环境里,而且你还有一个独特经验,就是与政府这个大股东一起合作。你怎么看这种 industrial policy(产业政策)?它显然带来了像 TSMC 这样的巨大成功,对吧?
Speaker 235:15 - 35:25
Most important companies in the world. It's also been a bit frowned upon in American business culture for a long time. Like, how do you think that should change now, or where is it relevant?
Speaker 235:15 - 35:25
这是世界上最重要的公司之一。但与此同时,长期以来,这种做法在 American business culture(美国商业文化)里也多少有点不受待见。你觉得现在这件事应该如何改变,或者说它在什么地方是相关、有意义的?
Speaker 135:25 - 35:52
It's a good question. So I think, clearly, for capital intensive business and infrastructure play, you need to access the capital. And then in some way, I think for our early day venture capital investment, now starting become very capital intensive. And some of the venture firm willing to put $1,000,000,000 into some company is very unheard of in the VC business. Now it's happening.
Speaker 135:25 - 35:52
这是个好问题。所以我认为,很显然,对于 capital intensive business(资本密集型业务)和 infrastructure play(基础设施型投资),你必须有能力获得资本。某种程度上,我觉得连我们早期的 venture capital(风险投资)投资,如今都开始变得非常资本密集了。还有一些 venture firm(风投机构)愿意向某些公司投入 1,000,000,000 美元,这在 VC(风险投资)行业里过去是非常罕见、几乎闻所未闻的事。现在它正在发生。
Speaker 135:52 - 36:16
And so in some way, you just have to be I like this kind of bell curve. Either you go in very early, and then because you're starting to do the series A, it's over 1,000,000,000 valuations. And so you had to go in pre money, pre seed to go into that kind of $2,030,000,000,000 valuation. It's very rare right now. So you just have to do that and pick the right one.
Speaker 135:52 - 36:16
所以在某种意义上,你必须——我喜欢用 bell curve(钟形曲线)来理解这件事——要么你非常早就进去,因为现在你一开始做到 series A(A 轮)时,估值就已经超过 1,000,000,000 了。所以你必须在 pre-money(投前)、pre-seed(种子前)阶段就进入,才能碰到那种 2,030,000,000,000 估值区间的机会。这在现在是非常少见的。所以你只能这么做,然后选对标的。
Speaker 136:16 - 37:05
And then the other part is able to find capital to scale, and that's why some of this mutual fund, they also like to move into the pre market early stage to join me to investing. I delight them because they are very less sensitive of whether I had to own 20% of the There's not too many 20% to give, so you have to find the right investor to come in. And then in term of the capital intensive, like AI in a factory and also the foundry, and then you really need to tap either government funding or some sovereign fund, and also some very big capital. There are some big fund that are doing that, and they're really The fund they've organized is basically support the infrastructure. And we like to tap into some of them and then to make sure that they can scale our operation.
Speaker 136:16 - 37:05
另一个部分,是要有能力找到用于 scale(扩张)的资本,这也是为什么一些 mutual fund(共同基金)也开始愿意更早进入 pre-market(上市前)早期阶段,和我一起投资。我欢迎他们,因为他们对“我是否必须持有 20%”这件事没那么敏感——毕竟能拿出来分的 20% 也没有那么多,所以你必须找到合适的投资人进来。然后就 capital intensive(资本密集型)领域而言,比如工厂里的 AI,还有 foundry(晶圆代工厂),你确实需要去争取 government funding(政府资金)或一些 sovereign fund(主权基金),以及一些非常大的资本。现在确实有一些大基金在做这件事,而且他们组织起来的基金,基本上就是为了支持基础设施。我们也希望接入其中一些资源,以确保他们能够支持我们扩大运营规模。
Speaker 137:05 - 37:32
So I think in overall, government sovereign fund become very important. And also as a public company, I also purposely want to focus on some of the investor that are more long term growth oriented and so that they can help me to grow the business. And then rather than short term asking capital location, you know, where do you gonna, you know, buy back your shares? Those are good question. But meanwhile, I also had to build the business.
Speaker 137:05 - 37:32
所以我整体上的看法是,政府和 sovereign fund(主权基金)正变得非常重要。另外,作为一家 public company(上市公司),我也有意识地想把重点放在那些更偏向 long term growth(长期增长)的投资人身上,这样他们才能帮助我把业务做大,而不是只从短期角度来问资本配置,比如“你打算什么时候回购股票?”这些当然也是好问题。但与此同时,我也必须把业务建起来。
Speaker 137:32 - 37:35
Yeah. And so I think it's kind of that balance is important.
Speaker 137:32 - 37:35
是的。所以我认为,保持这种平衡很重要。
Speaker 237:35 - 37:41
Do you think there is something that investors, like, most misunderstand about Intel at this moment?
Speaker 237:35 - 37:41
你觉得,投资者现在对 Intel 最大的误解是什么?
Speaker 137:41 - 38:16
Quite a few things. First of all, think back to this crawl, run, and walk, last four months, I crawled, but people are starting to recognize that potential of it. And so the other part is very important. We need to really get the best product out, either PC client, we still have a market share, but we really need to really build more perform better performance. So that's why I'm quietly building up the CPU architect, GPU architect, and the software architect so that we can leapfrog.
Speaker 137:41 - 38:16
其实有不少。首先,回想一下我说的 crawl、run、walk(爬行、奔跑、行走)这个过程,过去四个月,我还处在 crawl 阶段,但人们已经开始意识到其中的潜力了。另一部分也非常重要。我们必须真正把最好的产品做出来,无论是 PC client,我们仍然有市场份额,但我们确实需要打造出更强、表现更好的性能。所以这就是为什么我在低调地组建 CPU architect、GPU architect 和 software architect 团队,这样我们才能实现 leapfrog(跨越式赶超)。
Speaker 138:16 - 38:38
Just like I look at Intel, I want to be a multiple of startup culture so that we move fast and we can leapfrog using better technology. And then the other part is beside the product, there are some new energy coming in, like in agentic AI, the physical AI. There's a lot of area that we can invest. Market is huge. That's on the product side.
Speaker 138:16 - 38:38
就像我看待 Intel 的方式一样,我希望它具备多倍于 startup culture(创业文化)的特质,这样我们行动会更快,并且能用更好的技术实现 leapfrog。除此之外,除了产品本身,也有一些新的动力正在出现,比如 agentic AI(代理式 AI)和 physical AI(物理 AI)。有很多领域是我们可以投资的,市场也非常大。这是产品这一侧。
Speaker 138:38 - 39:05
And the foundry side, we are very distant from TSMC and then in term of their performance. So there's we have to be humble looking at building the building block that I mentioned earlier, the IP, the yield, the defect density, and the cycle time to make it more efficient and more reliable. Is a trust business. People want to trust you before they give you the wafer to count on you. So those are the things will take longer time.
Speaker 138:38 - 39:05
而在 foundry(晶圆代工)这一侧,我们和 TSMC 之间还有很大距离,尤其是在他们的表现方面。所以我们必须保持谦逊,去建设我前面提到的那些 building block(基础模块):IP、yield(良率)、defect density(缺陷密度)和 cycle time(周期时间),让它更高效、更可靠。这是一个 trust business(信任生意)。人们要先信任你,才会把 wafer(晶圆)交给你、依赖你。所以这些事情会需要更长时间。
Speaker 139:06 - 39:34
But I think by 2030, 2032, '31, '32, I think I was starting to surface up. People may not understand how big potential I can be in terms of product, you know, on a PC client. That's our bread and butter. And we move up to the edge and move into the physical AI and agentic AI. And because right now, in the past, you basically provide the server, provide the PC for human.
Speaker 139:06 - 39:34
但我认为,到 2030、2031、2032 年,我会开始浮现出来。人们可能还没有理解,我在产品方面,尤其是在 PC client 上,潜力会有多大。那是我们的 bread and butter(核心饭碗)。然后我们会向 edge(边缘端)推进,再进入 physical AI 和 agentic AI。因为在过去,基本上你提供的是给人使用的 server 和 PC。
Speaker 139:34 - 39:48
Now you're starting to have another different dimension. It's millions of agent. They need to come access the compute. They access into the software stack. So I think that part, I think we have a chance to really play.
Speaker 139:34 - 39:48
现在你开始面对另一个完全不同的维度:数以百万计的 agent。它们需要来访问 compute(算力),访问 software stack(软件栈)。所以我认为,在这一部分,我们确实有机会真正参与进去。
Speaker 139:48 - 40:08
The game is not over yet. We can play on the injected AI and also the physical AI. So that's kind of where I'm going. And the AI is just the beginning. You have the training that Jensen owned in the edge and also in terms of agentic AI with agents and also physical AI, I think is the jumble.
Speaker 139:48 - 40:08
这场 game 还没有结束。我们可以在 agentic AI 上发力,也可以在 physical AI 上发力。所以这大致就是我的方向。而 AI 其实才刚刚开始。你有 training(训练)这一块,这是 Jensen 已经占据优势的领域;而在 edge,以及 agentic AI 的 agents,还有 physical AI 这些方面,我认为局面还是一片混战。
Speaker 140:08 - 40:22
Everybody have a chance. So I think that's part that I want to go for it. And so I think hopefully the investor will know, even though in fourteen months, we make six time return to the shareholder, it's just a beginning. We still have a lot of room to go.
Speaker 140:08 - 40:22
每个人都有机会。所以我觉得,这是我想去争取的一部分。因此我希望投资者会知道,尽管在十四个月里,我们已经为股东带来了六倍回报,但这只是个开始。我们还有很大的增长空间。
Speaker 240:23 - 40:24
There's venture returns from here.
Speaker 240:23 - 40:24
从这里往后,还是有 venture 级别的回报空间。
Speaker 140:24 - 40:51
Yeah, so I always look for 10x. Being a venture at heart, you want to look for 10x. And at Cadence, when I stepped down as a CEO, I think we make about close to 76 times, and starting from interim CEO, $2.42. And then when I retire as executive chairman, about 85 time return to the shareholder. So it's hard to do that at Intel because the base is bigger.
Speaker 140:24 - 40:51
对,所以我一直都在找 10x。作为一个骨子里有 venture(风险投资)思维的人,你会想追求 10x。在 Cadence,我卸任 CEO 时,我想我们给股东带来了接近 76 倍的回报;而从我担任 interim CEO 时的 $2.42 起算,到我以 executive chairman 身份退休时,大约是 85 倍股东回报。所以这在 Intel 很难做到,因为它的基数更大。
Speaker 140:51 - 41:04
So I kind of said, okay, let's do it at 10 x. You know? And then five year, ten years, if we can do 10x, think it's a good return being a venture capital at heart. That's kind of my goal.
Speaker 140:51 - 41:04
所以我算是说,好吧,那就以 10x 为目标。你知道吧?然后在五年、十年的时间里,如果我们能做到 10x,我觉得以一个骨子里有 venture capital(风险投资)思维的人来说,这就是很好的回报了。这大概就是我的目标。
Speaker 241:04 - 41:45
So there's Godspeed on this very, very large mission from this huge base already. There's an embedded belief in what you described about where the workload is, right? Where I think some would say like, we're just gonna build bigger and bigger data centers, and a gigawatt is the beginning. But the centralization and the efficiency from running even the inference compute in a centralized way is the dominant way versus thinking about the edge, thinking about the client. Do you think that there's like an equilibrium state that you believe in of where the compute is, or is it just we will find out from the workload?
Speaker 241:04 - 41:45
所以,祝你在这个已经建立在巨大基数之上的、非常非常宏大的使命上一路顺利。你刚才的描述里其实隐含着一种关于 workload(工作负载)所在位置的判断,对吧?我想有些人会说,我们就是要建越来越大的 data center(数据中心),而且 gigawatt(吉瓦)级别都只是起点。但相比去思考 edge(边缘侧)、思考 client(客户端),以集中化方式运行、甚至连 inference compute(推理计算)都集中处理,这种中心化和效率的逻辑似乎才是主导路径。你是否相信在 compute(算力)分布位置上会存在某种 equilibrium state(均衡状态)?还是说,这最终只能由 workload 来决定,我们走着看?
Speaker 241:45 - 41:46
How do you think about that?
Speaker 241:45 - 41:46
你是怎么思考这个问题的?
Speaker 141:46 - 42:01
Yeah. I think, you know, it's a very good question. You know, right now there's a massive buildup in terms of the AI. I think it's the right thing to do. I don't see there's anything to slow it down because the workload is increasing a lot.
Speaker 141:46 - 42:01
对。我觉得,这是个非常好的问题。你知道,就目前而言,AI 相关建设正在大规模展开。我认为这是正确的事情。我看不到有什么理由会让它放缓,因为 workload 的增长非常快。
Speaker 142:01 - 42:03
And then I think the question mark is
Speaker 142:01 - 42:03
然后我觉得,真正的问号在于
Speaker 242:03 - 42:04
how- And we are supply constrained.
Speaker 242:03 - 42:04
怎么——而且我们正受制于供给约束。
Speaker 142:04 - 42:22
We are supply constrained. So I think anything slowed down is the supply constraint. But I think the other part is I always look at all this infrastructure build out. At the end, you have to look at what is the solution, what is the application you want to drive? And I'm more focused on application.
Speaker 142:04 - 42:22
我们受制于供给约束。所以我认为,任何放缓都是供给约束造成的。但我认为另一部分是,我总是在看所有这些基础设施的建设。归根结底,你必须看解决方案是什么、你想推动的 application(应用)是什么?而我更关注 application。
Speaker 142:22 - 43:02
So if you can identify the application that is humongous or add up a few application to become meaningful, and you focus on that, it's not everybody built gonna be winning. And so some gonna be winning big time and some gonna lose over time or some go sideway. So, you know, just like Internet, you can see some of them turn out to be very big, like Amazon, like Netflix, and then some of them is kind of go sideways and disappear or being acquired. And so I think to me, it's the same approach. Then they really focus on what application they try to serve, and that application, how big is that, and whether it's sustainable or not, or it's very crowded.
Speaker 142:22 - 43:02
所以,如果你能识别出一个规模极其巨大的 application,或者把几个 application 加起来变得有意义,然后你聚焦于此,并不是每个参与建设的人都会赢。因此,有些会大获全胜,有些会随着时间推移而失败,还有些会横盘。所以,你知道,就像 Internet 一样,你会看到其中一些最后变得非常大,比如 Amazon,比如 Netflix,然后有些则有点停滞不前,继而消失,或者被收购。所以我觉得,对我来说,方法是一样的。关键是他们真正聚焦于自己试图服务的 application,这个 application 有多大,以及它是否可持续,还是说这个赛道已经非常拥挤。
Speaker 143:02 - 43:26
So if it's too crowded, maybe one or two may survive, the other may be just consolidate. So I think this industry go through that big growth and then starting to consolidate. Maybe eventually one or two become the real winner. So I think that's kind of we've watched the movie before, so it's not a surprise to me. But focus on application, like Netflix is application.
Speaker 143:02 - 43:26
所以如果太拥挤,也许只有一两家能活下来,其他的可能就会被整合。所以我认为,这个行业会经历一轮大增长,然后开始整合。也许最终会有一两家成为真正的赢家。所以我觉得,这种情节我们以前看过,并不让我意外。但还是要聚焦 application,比如 Netflix 就是一种 application。
Speaker 143:26 - 43:30
Amazon is a real application. That, to me, they're winning.
Speaker 143:26 - 43:30
Amazon 是一个真正的 application。在我看来,这就是它们获胜的原因。
Speaker 243:31 - 43:38
But you're assuming that some of these applications, they will be better served by client or edge compute than only by the
Speaker 243:31 - 43:38
但你的假设是,这些 application 中有一些,用 client 或 edge compute(边缘计算)来服务,会比仅仅依靠
Speaker 143:38 - 43:38
data center.
Speaker 143:38 - 43:38
data center(数据中心)服务得更好。
Speaker 343:38 - 43:40
Exactly. Okay. Exactly.
Speaker 343:38 - 43:40
没错。好的。完全正确。
Speaker 243:40 - 44:06
Yeah. I mean, I will say as a I'm an investor in a number of companies that, you know, they're doing robotics, they're doing defense. And so the compute on the device is a very important choice in terms of our And what we assume around it, like, let's say, a robot in the home eventually, like what you assume is in the home and in connectivity around it determines what you're able to do. And I think that it was kind of forgotten for a little bit in the SaaS era.
Speaker 243:40 - 44:06
是的。我的意思是,我会说,作为多家公司的投资人——这些公司在做 robotics,也在做 defense——device 端的 compute(算力)是一个非常重要的选择,这关系到我们的判断,以及我们围绕它所做的假设。比如说,未来家里的 robot,你对家庭环境以及其周边 connectivity(连接能力)的假设,会决定你究竟能做成什么。我觉得这一点在 SaaS 时代曾经有一段时间被淡忘了。
Speaker 144:06 - 44:22
Yes, yes. So I think my investment thesis is find a problem that is really need to solve. And secondly, who will be the player that you can partner with? And then thirdly, look at the application. How big is that application?
Speaker 144:06 - 44:22
对,对。所以我觉得我的投资 thesis(投资逻辑)是:找到一个真正需要被解决的问题。第二,谁会是你可以合作的 player(参与方)?第三,再看 application(应用)。这个 application 的规模有多大?
Speaker 144:22 - 44:27
Is that sustainable? And if it's really big, you believe in it, double, triple that.
Speaker 144:22 - 44:27
这是否可持续?如果它真的很大,而且你也相信它,那就把这个判断翻倍、翻三倍。
Speaker 244:27 - 44:33
But you're including betting on applications that have not yet been broadly deployed. Okay.
Speaker 244:27 - 44:33
但你的意思是,这也包括押注那些还没有被广泛部署的 application,对吗?
Speaker 344:33 - 44:37
It's amazing. Well, thank you so much for joining us today. It was a pleasure. Thank you so much.
Speaker 344:33 - 44:37
太精彩了。非常感谢你今天加入我们。很高兴和你交流。非常感谢。
Speaker 144:37 - 44:38
Thanks, Lip Bu. Thank you.
Speaker 144:37 - 44:38
谢谢,Lip Bu。谢谢。
Speaker 244:41 - 44:57
Find us on Twitter no priors pod. Subscribe to our YouTube channel if you wanna see our faces. Follow the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen. That way you get a new episode every week. And sign up for emails or find transcripts for every episode at knowpriors.com.
Speaker 244:41 - 44:57
可以在 Twitter 上通过 no priors pod 找到我们。如果你想看看我们的脸,欢迎订阅我们的 YouTube channel。也可以在 Apple Podcasts、Spotify,或者你平时收听节目的任何平台上关注这个节目。这样你每周都会收到一期新节目。你还可以在 knowpriors.com 订阅邮件,或者查看每一期节目的 transcript(文字稿)。
原文 ↗https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asCgCv2XB4s
BuildSpeak — 关于本项目BUILT IN PUBLIC · 跟随 builders 而非 influencers